No.
190.— ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE
JALANATHESVARA TEMPLE AT TAKKOLAM[1]
This
record belongs to the 10th year of
Parthivendradhi[pati]varman and registers a gift of 92 kalanju
of gold for providing paddy for sacred offerings to the image of
Kaligai-vitanka in the temple of Tiruvuraldeva, by the donor
mentioned in No. 184 above.The
gold was received by the assembly of Rajamarttandachaturvedimangalam,
a hamlet of Tiruvuralpuram (i.e., Takkolam) in
Manaiyir-kottam and fetched an interest of 92 kadi of paddy
per year.
(Line
1.) Hail! Prosperity ! In the 10th year (of the reign)
of king Parthivendradhivarman, we (the members) of the assembly of
Rajamarttanda-chaturvedimangalam, (a village) in its (own)
subdivision in Tiruvuralpuram of Manaiyir-kottam, have received from
Kumaradi-Nangai, daughter of Nandiri-Nangai, who is the daughter of
Devanar of Tiruvural,[2]
ninety-two kalanju of gold weighed by the standard weight (dharmakattalai-edarpuram)[3].For these ninety-two kalanju of gold we (the
members) of the assembly of Rajamarttanda-chaturvedimangalam
agreed to measure every year without failure, in our village, as
long as the moon and the sun (last), ninety-two kadi
of paddy (measured) by the marakkal (called) kavaramoli
by which the paddy for the sacred daily expenses (thiruchchendai)
and the (paddy of) panchavaram due from us to
Tiruvural-deva, are measured, adding it to the sacred (paddy)
for current daily expenses and (dividing it) into three parts[4]
in the manner in which (paddy) for the current sacred daily
expenses ofTiruvural-deva
is done, for sacred offerings as long as the moon and the sun (last),
to (theimage of) Kaligai-Vitankar set up in the
sleeping hall (called) Ranasingavirar within (the temple
of) Tiruvural-deva, by this Kumaradi-Nangai.
(L.
26.) I, Kumaradi-Nangai, daughter of Nandiri-Nangai, endowed gold in
this manner, stipulating that these ninety-two kadi of paddy
be measured by (the measure called) kavaramoli for (providing)
two sacred offerings ot Kaligai-Vitankar.The sacred feet of those who protect this charity (shall)
be on my head.
No.
191.— ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SELLIYAMMAN TEMPLE AT VELICHCHERI[5]
This
document records that the assembly of Velichcheri exempted taxes on
a land granted for the sacred daily offering to the Saptamatris[6]
of this village, by a native of [Ma]la-nadu in Sola-nadu.The worship of the Seven Mothers and the designation of the
priests who called themselves Matrisivas deserve special attention.
Hail
! Prosperity ! In the 10th year of (the reign of)
king Parthivendradhipativarman, we (themembers) of
big assembly of Velichcheri in Puliyurkottam (wrote this) :
— Tiruvetpur-udaiyan Tevadigal of Tiruvetpur in [Ma]la-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Sola-nadu provided for one sacred offering each
day (to continue) as long as the moon to the Saptamatris of
our village.For this
he purchased and gave two hundred kuli of land which
comprised four tadis (and was called) Pudipakkanseruvu,
a paddy field on the southern side of this village and (also)
land (kuli) (measuring) five hundred and thirty-one
and a half and half kani in (the field called) Iranderri.We (the members) of the big assembly ordered the
exemption of all taxes (on these lands) and made (them)
tax-free.We the Matrisivas
who own this sacred temple (srikoil) shall ourselves take
possession of these lands and shall offer one sacred offering daily
(to the goddesses).Kaliya-bhattar
having effected this (transaction) had it engraved (on
stone).
No.
192.— ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE RUINED VISHNU
TEMPLE AT TIRUMALPURAM[7]
This
inscription records a gift of 96 sheep for a lamp to the temple of
the prosperous Govindapadi, made in the 10th year of
Parthivedradivarman, who took the head of Vira-Pandya.
Hail
! Prosperity ! In the 10th year of (the reign of) king
Parthivendradivarman who took the head of Vira-Pandya, I . . . . . .
. . ... . . .... . . . Nagan Vanarajan Alagamaiyan gave, as long as the
moon and sun (last), ninety-six sheep which will neither die nor
grow old, for one perpetual lamp to the prosperous god of
Govindapadi in . . . . . . . . . . . . . (a subdivision) of
Damar-kottam.This
charity (shall be under the) protection of the Sirvaishnavas.
No.
193.— ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE VAIKUNTHA —PERUMAL TEMPLE AT UTTARAMALLUR[8]
This
document records that the village assembly of
Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam or Uttaramallur-chaturvedimangalam
freed from taxes certain lands given to an image, which
Villagan-Mahadeviyar,[9]
queen of Parthivendradhipativarman, had set up in the temple of the
god of Tiruvayodhyai in this village.The members of the assembly received purvacharam[10]
from the queen before they made the lands tax-free.
(Line
1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 11th year (and) the
324th day of (the reign of) king
Parthivendradhipativarman, we (the members) of the big
assembly of Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam, (a village) in its
(own) subdivision in Kaliyur-kottam (wrote thus).The (following) lands were given by
Villavan-Mahadeviyar, the queen of the lord (i.e., the king),
for the image and for the srikoyil, which she had set up to the
god (perumanadigal) of Tiruvayodhyai in our village and for sribali
and archanabhoga :— one thousand seven hundred and sixty kuli
in all, of first rate (land) in the fourth, fifth and sixth sadukkam
(situated) north of (the channel called)
Sarasvati-vaykkal of the first kannaru to the west of (the
path called) Uttarameru-vadi; seven hundred and forty kuli
of first rate (land) in the fifth sadukkam of the
second kannaru (situated) to the west of (the path
called) Amaninarayana-vadi south of (the path called)
Vayiramega-vadi; (and) four hundred and twenty kuli of
first rate (land) in the second sadukkam to the west
of (thepath called) Avaninarayanavadi of the fourth kannaru
(situated) to the south of (the path called)
Vayiramegavadi.
(L.
2.) We, (the members) of the big assembly, having received purvacharam
from queen Villavan-Mahadeviyar ordered the total (extent) of
(these) two thousand nine hundred and twenty kuli (of
land) to be free from taxes as long as the moon and sun (last).The sraddhamantas[11]
themselves shall impose[12]
a fine of twenty-five kalanju of gold on those who obstruct
this charity.The dust
of the sacred feet of those who protect this charity shall be on the
glorious crown of Villavan-Mahadeviyar who founded this charity.Those who are opposed to this charity shall incur the sins of
those who have committed (sins) between Ganga and Kumari.We, (the members) of the big assembly of
Uttaramallur-chaturvedimangalam having made (the lands)
tax-free, had this donation engraved on stone.I, Sivadasan Aiyayirattirunurruva-Brahmapriyan, the
arbitrator, being (present) in the big assembly, wrote (this)
at the command of the big assembly.Prosperity!
No.
194.— ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SUNDARAVARADA —PERUMAL TEMPLE IN THE SAME VILLAGE[13]
In
this record we are informed that in the 12th year and the
326th day of the reign of Parthivendradhipativarman
certain lands were given by queen Tribhuvana-Mahadeviyar for
sounding drums at the Sribali ceremony and at the waking up
of the images from bed (palli-eluchchi) in the temple
of Sriveli-Vishnugriha which had been constructed by Kongaraiyar at
Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam.
(Line
1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 12th year and 326th
day of (the reign of) king Parthivendradhipativarman, queen,
Tribhuvana-Mahadeviyar, purchased from the ryots of
Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam and gave the following lands for
sounding (drums) at the Sribali (ceremony) to
the god (in the temple) of Sriveli-Vishnugriha which
Kongaraiyar had constructed in this village : -
(L.
2.) 810 (kuli) in the first sadukkam (situated)
to the west of (the path called) Uttarameru-vadi of the fifth
kannaru to the south of (the channel called)
Subrahmanya-vaykkal ; 120 (kuli) of the second sadukkamin the same place ; 760 (kuli) in the third sadukkam
in the same place ; 240 (kuli) in the fourth sadukkam
in the same place ; 453 (kuli) in the third sadukkam
of the 4thkannaru in the same place; and 112 (kuli)
in the fourth sadukkam in the same place.For (these) 2,495 kuli in all, we (the
members) of the big assembly of Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam,
having received purvacharam from queen Tribhuvana-Mahadeviyar,
deducted the taxes as long the moon and the sun (last), and
ordered (the lands) to be tax-free.In order to sound (drums) at the three sandhi
of the day (i.e, morning, midday and evening) during the Sribali
(ceremony) and at the waking up (of the image) from
bed, out of (the income accruing from) these lands, we gave
(these lands) as sribali`puram, freed from (the payment of) taxes and had
(this edict) engraved on stone.
(L.
7.) The sraddhamantas shall themselves impose a fine of
twenty-five kalanju of gold on each person who obstructs this
charity.(Even after)
paying this fine, they shall not obstruct this charity.Those who obstruct shall incur the sins committed by sinners
(living) between Ganga (the Ganges) and Kumari (Cape
Comorin).They (i.e. the members of the assembly) shall not show any
kind of tax, echchoru, vetti and amanji against these
lands.We (the
members) of the big assembly of Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam, thus
made (the lands) tax-free and had (the edict) engraved
on stone.I, Sivadasan
Ayyayirattirunurruva Brahmapriyan, an arbitrator (madhyasthan) of
this village, and one of the (members of the) assembly, wrote
this at the command (of the assembly).Prosperity !
[1]This record belongs to the 10th year of
Parthivendradhi[pati]varman and registers a gift of 92 kalanju
of gold for providing paddy for sacred offerings to the image of
Kaligai-vitanka in the temple of Tiruvuraldeva, by the donor
mentioned in No. 184 above.The gold was received by the assembly of
Rajamartandachaturvedimangalam, a hamlet of Tiruvuralpuram
(i.e., Takkolam) in Manaiyir-kottam and fetched an interest of
92 kadi of paddy per year.
[2]It is possible also to interpret Tiruvural-Devanar
as the god at Tiruvural, in which case ‘his daughter’ would
mean a servant woman in the temple of Tiruvural-deva.
[3]
Perhaps edarpuram here and in No. 180 above has to be
explained as edaiyal ; see page 357 above, footnote 1;
cf.also dhanmakattalai-kal
in South-Indian Inscritpions, Vol. I, No. 146, text line
3.
[4]Evidently the paddy in question was measured out in three
different instalments as in thecase of the tiruchchennadai-nel.
[9]The first component of the name seems to denote the Chera
lineage of the queen.
[10]The term purvacharam, which occurs in several
inscriptions from Uttaramallur, has not been satisfactorily
explained.
[11]The word Sraddhamantar is translated by Dr.
Hultzsch by ‘thorrough indifference’ —(Sanskrit without attachment).I do not think this meaning was intended.Rather the term must mean quite the opposite, viz., those
who take deep interest (in the temple).
[12]Thandapaduvathakavum is incorrect, since the sraddhamantas
were to impose
the fine on the obstruction and not to pay it themselves. Consequently
the correct form would be Thandamiduvathakavum; see No. 194
below.
