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South Indian Inscriptions |
The Tiruvalangadu copper-plates of the sixth year of Rajendra-Chola I ...Previous | (Tiruvalangadu copper-plates) | Next... Translation
of the detached tamil inscription on plate X (Line
1.) Koneri-inmia-kondan[1]
staying in the sani-mandapa of Mudigondasolapuram : â in
the sixth year and one hundred and twentieth day of Our reign,
Mahadeva-Pidaran having requested Us to grant a devadana to (the
goddess) Ammai-Nachchiyar in the temple of the lord
Tiruvalangadudaiyar at Palaiyanur in Palaiyanur-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Manavirkottam in Jayangonda-Solamandalam, We
gave as a tax-free devadana
land of the god (thirunamakkani), twenty-five and a
half veli of land consisting of fourteen and a half. (veli)
of land in Ammaiseri, (a village) in Kil-Karriyur-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Ikkattu-kottam, including wet, dry and nattam
(lands) ; and of eleven (veli) of land in
Settamanagalam including nattam, river-bed and dry (lands),
to (the goddess) â Ammai-Nachchiyar,
having removed from this day the old name and the previous owners (of
these lands). (L.
16.) We (further) ordered that it may thus be entered in the
registers, engraved on copper and written on stone.
For this statement (of Ours), (this is) the
writing (i.e., the signature) of Our Secretary (olai
ezhuthum) Karrali alias
Uttamasola Tamiladaraiyan of Tular, (a village) in
Tiruvalundur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu. Translation of the Tamil text of the Main Record (Line
1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! (This is the order) of
Konerimaikondan to the headmen of districts (nattar), the
headmen of brahmadeya (villages), and the residents of
villages (oorkalilar) and towns (nagarankalilar) including devadana,
pallichchanda, kanimurruttu, vettipperru, and old arachchalabhoga,
in Melmalai Palaiyanur-nadu of Jayangonda-solamandalam.
In the sixth year and the eighty-eight day of Our (reign),
when We were in the secret apartment (maraividam) on the
southern side of the upper storey (called) Madurantakadevan
within our palace at Mudigondasolapuram, (it being decided)
to give to the members of the assembly of
Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam, in naduvilmalai-Perumur-nadu, a
village in exchange for Palaiyanur in Melmalai-Palaiyanur-nadu which
was a brahmadeya of the assembly of this
Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam, We ordered that this Palaiyanur be
(now) separated ; that the gold, viz., five hundred
and ninety eight kalanju and one kunri (hitherto),
levied as tax from this village and from
Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam together, shall, from the sixth
year, be deducted from the said Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam ;
that this village (i.e., Palaiyanur) shall discontinue being a brahmadeya,
from the (said) sixth year (and) (thus) ceasing
to be a brahmadeya it shall become vellan-vagai (cultivatorsâ
portion) ; that this village not making the payment of taxes in
the manner in which the villages which are vellan-vagai pay,
shall, (however) pay year after year from the sixth year as
permanent tax (ninrirai) three thousand two hundred and
eighty-eight kalam, seven kuruni and five nali
of paddy and one hundred and ninety-three kalanju, (one)
manjadi and one ma of gold as paid before by this
village inclusive of palli ; and that it shall be so taxed
and entered in the accounts.
(L.
26.) Our (chief) executive officers (karumamarayaum),
Udayadivakaran Tillaiyali alias Rajaraja-Muvendavelan of
Kanchivayil in Peravur-nadu, (a subdivision) of
Uyyakkondar-valanadu and Manikkan Eduttapadam alias
Solamuvendavelan of Tevangudi in this (same) nadu ;
the arbitrators (naduvirukkum) Kandadai Tiruvenkada-bhattan
of sri-Viranarayana-chaturvedimangalam, a free village in
Rajendrasimha-valanadu and Narakkan-Marayan Jananathan alias
Rajendrasola-Brahmadhirajan of Keralantaka-chaturvedimangalam n
Vennadu, (a subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu having
informed that Our written (order) be entered in the account
books just as (it) has been signed and issued by our
Secretaries (Olai-nayagam) Irayiravan Pallavayan alias
Uttamasola-Pallavaraiyan of Araisur in Pambuni-kurram (a
subdivision) of Nittavinoda-valanadu, Krishnan Raman alias
Rajendrasola-Brahmamarayan of Keralantaka-chaturvedimangalam in
Vennadu (a subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu, Araiyan
Sikandan alias Minavan-Muvendavelan the headman of Kurumbil
in Ambar-nadu (a subdivision) of this (same) nadu and
Dvedaigomapurattu Damodara-bhattan of Kadalangudi in Kurukkai-nadu (a
subdivision) of rajendrasimha-valanadu, on (the strength of)
the letter of Narayanan Karrali alias Uttamasola
Tamiladaraiyan of Tular in Tiruvalundur-nadu (a subdivision)
of Uyyakkondar-valanadu who writes our orders ; and our (chief)
executive officers Tattan Sendan alias
Rajendrasola-Anukkappallavaraiyan, the headman of Vayalur in Vennadu
(a subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu Velan Kuttan alias
Irumadisola Vilupparaiyan of Urikudi in Inganadu (a subdivision)
of Arumolideva-valanadu and Kadan Karunakaran alias
Abhimanameru-Muvendavelan of Tiyankudi in Tiruvarur-kurram (a
subdivision) of Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu having supported what
has been already said by the above persons â (L.
49.) in the sixth year and the ninetieth day of Our (reign),
Vetchikilan Solai Kumaran (a resident) of the city of
Kachchippedu in Eyil-nadu, (a subdivision) of Eyir-kottam (which
was a district) of Jayangondasola-mandalam and
Murtti-Vidividangan of Kachchiram in Arvala-kurram, (a
subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu, who belong to the
department of taxes (puravuvari tinaikkalam) ; the varippottagam
(officer) pagavan Angi of Kachchiram in Arvala-kurram, (a
subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu ; the mugavetti (officer)
Terri Venkadan of Alangudi ; the varippottagakkanakku (officers)
Damodiran Siralan of Tugavur and Karumanikkan Sarpan ; the variyilidu
(officer) Sulapani Arumoli of Konur in Kandana-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Rajaraja-valanadu ; the pattolai (officers)
Vamana-Narayanan of Eyinur in Marugal-nadu, (a subdivision)
of Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, Manan Kamban, the headman of Vallam
and Achchan Angadi of Ulakkaiyur ; and the kilmugavetti
(officers) Devadi Kamalan, Aiyaran Devargandan and Kuttadi
Nanurruvan, being present the following entries were made : - âPalaiyanur
in Menmalai-Palaiyanur-nadu has become a vellan-vagai village
from the sixth year (of reign), having (thence) ceased
to be a brahmadeya of the assembly of
Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Naduvinmalai-Perumur-nadu.
On theday when We were in the private apartment on the
southern side of the upper storey (karumaligai) (called)
Madurantakadevan within our palace at Mudigondasolapuram, We declare
that this Palaiyanur in melmalai-Palaiyanur-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Jayangonda-solamandalam should from the
(said) sixth year cease to be vellan-vagai and that the tax
fixed for this village (palaiyanur) including palli, viz.,
three thousand two hundred and eighty-eight kalam, seven kuruni
and five nali of paddy and one hundred and ninety-three kalanju,
(one) manjadi and one ma of gold should, from
the (said) sixth year be the permanently settled tax payable year
after year (by the village) to meet the requirements of this
Mahadeva of Palaiyanur-Tiruvalangadu and that it should be (so)
registered in the account books as a devadana. âOur
executive officers Udaiyadivakaran Tilaiyali alias
Rajaraja-Muvendavelan of Kanchivayil in Peravur-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu and Manikkan Eduttapadam alias
Solamuvendavelan of Devankudi in the (same) nadu ; and
the arbitrators Kandadai Tiruvenkada-bhattan of sri
Viranarayana-chaturvedimangalam (which was) a free village in
Rajendrasinga-valanadu and Narakkan-Marayan Jananathan alias
Rajendrasola-Brahmadhirajan of Keralanatakachaturvedimangalam in
Vennadu, (a subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu, having
informed that Our written (order) should be entered in the
account books just as (it) has been signed and issued by Our
secretaries Irayiravan Pallavayan alias Uttamasola-Pallavaraiyan
of Araisur in Pambuni-urram, (a subdivision) of
Nittavinoda-valanadu, Krishnan Raman alias
Rajendrasola-Brahmamarayan of Keralantaka-chaturvedimangalam
in Vennadu, (a subdivision) of (a subdivision) of
Uyyakkondar-valanadu, Araiyan Sikandan alias
Minavan-Muvendavelan, the headman of Kurumbil in Ambar-nadu, (a
subdivision) of the (same) nadu and
Dvedaigomapurattu Damodara-bhattan of Kadalangudi in Kurukkai-nadu,
(a subdivision) of Rajendrasinga-valanadu, on (the
strength of) the letter of Narayanan Karrali alias
Uttamasola-Tamiladaraiyan of Tular in Tiruvalundur-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Uyyakkondar-valanadu who writes our orders ; and
Our (chief) executive officers Tattan Sendan alias
Rajendrasola-Anukkappallavariyan, the headman of Vayalur in
Vennadu,
(a subdivision) of
Uyyakkondar-valanadu,
Velan Kuttan alias
Irumadisola-Vilupparaiyan of Urikudi in Ingan-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu and Kadan Karunakaran alias
Abhimanameru-Muvendavelan of Tiyankudi in Tiruvarur-kurram, (a
subdivision) of Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, having supported
what has been already said by the above (persons) â
Vetchikilan solai Kumaran, (a resident) of the city of
Kachchippedu in Eyil-nadu, (a subdivision) of Eyir-kottam (which
was a district) of Jayangondasola-mandalam and Murtividividangan
of Kachchiram in Arvala-kurram, (a subdivision) of
Arumolideva-valanadu, who belonged to the department of taxes; the varippottagam
(officer) Pagavan Angi of Kachchiram in Arvala-kurram, (a
subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu ; the mugavetti (officer)
Terri Venkadan of Alangudi ; the varippottagakkanakku (officers) Damodiran Siralan of Tugavur and
Karumanikkan Sarppan ; the variyilidu (officer) Sulapani Arumoli of Konur in Kandana-nadu, (a subdivision)
of Rajaraja-valanadu; the pattolai (officers) Vamana-Narayanan
of Eyinur in marugalnadu, (a subdivision) of
Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, Manan Kamban, the headman of Vallam and
Achchan Angadi of Ulakkaiyur ; the kilmugavetti (officers)
Devadi Kamalan, A iyaran Deva rgandan and Kuttadi Nanurruvan, being
present, entered in the accounts, in the 6th year and the
ninetieth day of Our (reign) that Palaiyanur in
Melmalai-Palaiyanur-nadu was given as devadana from the (said)
sixth year. (L.
118.) âWe nominated (perthanthom?) Peruman Ambalattadi alias
Udayamartanda-Muvendavelan of Sirramur in Vandalaivelur-kurram, (a
subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu in Sola-mandalam, who is
our executive officer in Jayangondasola-mandalam ; Manan
Arayerru-bhattan, the headman of Malisaikattu[2] Malisai in Mangadu-nadu, (a
subdivision) of Puliyur-kottam (which was a district) of
Jayangondasola-mandalam, who belongs to the department of taxes and
Sendapiranbhattan of Sirunanalur in Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam (which
was) a free village of Jayangondasola-mandalam, to superintend (the
ceremony of) going round the hamlets (accompanied) by a
female elephant.â.)
We the representatives of the several districts (natkilnattom),
received the royal order (tirumugam) with the wording âyou
too be (present) with these (above named) persons,
point out the boundaries, walk round the hamlets accompanied by the
female elephant, have the (boundary) stones and milk-bush
planted and the deed drawn up,â in the sixth year (of the reign)
of king Parakesarivarman alias theglorious Rajendra-Choladeva
âwho in the course of (his) prosperous reign while fortune,
fixing (her abode in him) was increasing (and) while the
goddess of the great earth, the goddess of victory in battle and the
matchless goddess of fame rejoiced in having become his great
queens,-took with (his) great war-like army (the countries),Idaiturai-nadu,
Vanavasi, whose unbroken hedge of forests was extensive;
Kollippakkai, whose (fort) walls were surrounded by sulli
(trees) and Mannaikkadakkam, whose strength (i.e.,
fortifications) was unapproachable ; the crown of the war-like king
of Ilam (surrounded by) the sea, the exceedingly beautiful
crown of the queen of that (king) there, the beautiful crown
and Indraâs necklace which the king of the south (i.e., the
Pandya) had previously deposited with that (king of Ilam) ;
the whole of Ila-mandalam on the transparent sea; the crown praised
by many and the garland (emitting) beautiful rays, â family
treasures which the (kings of) Kerala of brilliant armies
rightfully wore ; and many ancient islands, whose old and great
guard was the sea which roars with conches.â (L.
143.) On seeing the royal order, we, the (chief) men of the
district went out (respectfully), received and placed (it)
on (our) heads and accompanying the female elephant, walked
round the hamlets (of Palaiyanur). (L.
145.) The eastern
boundary of Palaiyanur lies to the west of (the line) which
commences at (its) north-east corner (at the spot) where the
western boundary of Perumur in Perumur-nadu, which is a hamlet of
Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Naduvinmalai-Perumur-nadu,
touches the southern boundary of Kulapadi in the same nadu, (also)
a hamlet of the said village (Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam) and
where stands a mound with the kadambu[3] (tree) ; and leaving
this (point) to the left, (it) passes southwards along
the existing western boundary of the said (village of)
Perumur, and reaches the vanni[4]
tree standing at the north-west corner of Naraipadi in the same nadu
(which is also) a hamlet of the above named village. (Further it lies) to the west of (the line)
which, leaving this (point on the left passes southwards along the
existing western boundary of Naraipadi as far as the spot where the
western boundary of Naraipadi joins the north-east corner of
Mangalam in Palaiyanur-nadu, (which is also) a hamlet of the
above-mentioned village, and touches a pit with the uga[5]
(tree) standing on its western bank. (Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this (point) on the left side, passes
north-westwards and (then) westwards along the existing
northern boundary of this (village of) Mangalam until (it)
reaches the pond called Kurundurai (which lies) on the
boundary of (Mangalam) and irrigates Palaiyanur, Perumur and
Mangalam. (Further
it lies) to the west of (the line), which, leaving this (pond)
on the right side and allowing passage for the upper flow of the
water (over the boundary line)[6]
of the pond, goes south-westwards and southwards along the eastern
bank of this pond as far as the ant-hill lying on the eastern bank
of this pond. (Further
it lies) to the west of (the line) which, leaving this on
the right side, passes along the eastern bank of this (pond),
(first) in a southerly direction and (then) in a
south-westerly direction until it reaches the kadambu (tree) standing
on the eastern bank of this (pond).
(Further it lies) to the west and south of (the
line) which, leaving this on the right side, passes southwards (then)
eastwards and (then) in a north-easterly direction until (it)
reaches the ant-hill with the margosa (tree) standing on the
eastern bank of this pond. (Further
it lies) to the
south and west of (the line) which, leaving this on the right
side, passes eastwards (then) southwards and south-westwards
along the eastern bank of this (pond), until it reaches the piray[7]
(tree) standing on the eastern bank of this (pond).
(Further it lies) to the south and west of (the line)
which, leaving this piray (tree) on the right side, passes
eastwards, (then) southwards, (then) in a
south-westerly (direction), (then) southwards, and (lastly)
eastwards, on the eastern bank of this (pond) along the
existing boundary until (it) reaches the ant-hill with the uga
(tree) standing on the western boundary of Mangalam.
(Further it lies) to the west of (the line)
which, leaving this on the right side, passes southwards, (then)
in a south-westerly (direction), along the existing boundary
on the eastern bank of this pond, and reaches the spot where the
south-western corner of Mangalam joins the northern boundary of
Manaiyil in Manaiyil-nadu, (also) a hamlet of the
above-mentioned (Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam) village.
(Further it lies) to the west of (the line)
which passes in a south-westerly (direction), (then)
southwards, (and again) in a south-westerly (direction)
and (then) southwards, on the eastern bank of this (pond)
along the existing northern boundary of this (village of)
Manaiyil until (it) reaches the ant-hill with the uga (tree)
standing on the eastern bank of this pond. (L.
184.) The southern boundary (of Palaiyanur) lies to the west and
north of (the line) which, leaving this ant-hill on the right
side, passes southwards and (then) in a south-westerly
direction along the existing northern boundary of Manaiyil until (it)
reaches the path leading to Palaiyanur from Manaiyil.
(Further it lies) to the north and west of (the
line) which, cutting through this path passes in a
south-westerly direction and (then) southwards along the
existing boundary until (it) reaches the velungu tree
standing on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the north of (the line) which, leaving this
to the left, passes in a south-westerly direction along this
existing boundary until (it) reaches the spot where the
north-western corner of Manaiyil joins the north-eastern corner of
Mannalaiyamangalam in Manaiyil-nadu, a hamlet of the above (-named)
village. (Further it
lies) to the north of (the line) which passes westwards
and (then) in a south-westerly direction along the existing
northern boundary of this Mannalaiyamangalam until (it)
reaches the wood-apple (three) standing on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this to the left, touches on this boundary the high
road leading to Merpadi alias Rajasrayapuram from Tiruppasur,
and (then) passes westwards in a south-westerly direction and (then)
westwards along this (same) high road on the existing
boundary, until (it) reaches the pit called Kadambankuli
on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the north of (the line) which, leaving this
pit on the right side, passes in a south-westerly direction, (then)
westwards and (then) in a south-westerly direction along this
(same) existing boundary until (it) reaches the
ant-bill with the sacred post[8]
on this boundary. (Further it lies) to the north of (the line) which,
leaving this on the right side, passes in a south-westerly direction
on this high road along the existing boundary until (it)
reaches the atti[9]
(tree) standing at this spot where the north-western corner
of Manalaiyamangalam joins the north-eastern corner of Tolugur in
Palaiyanur-nadu, a hamlet of the above (named) village.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side, passes in a south-westerly
direction on the existing northern boundary of Tolugur along this
high road until (it) reaches the karuvel[10]
(tree) standing on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side, passes in a westerly direction
on this existing boundary until (it) reaches the bank of the
channel for flood-(water) (vellakkan karai) put to
prevent inundation on the outer embankment of (the tank) at
Palaiyanur (called) Jananathapputteri.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which cuts through this bank and getting up, passes westwards and
(then) in a south-westerly direction on this high road along the
existing boundary until (it) reaches the vembu (tree)
standing on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the north of (the line) which, leaving this
on the left side, passes in a westerly direction on this high road
along the existing boundary until (it) reaches a mound on
this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the north of (the line) which, leaving this
on the left side, passes westwards and (then) in a
south-westerly direction on the existing boundary, until (it)
reaches the margosa (tree) called Tiruvalangadan
standing on the northern boundary of Tolugur.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side, passes in a south-westerly
direction on this high road along the existing boundary until (it)
reaches the circular pit on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this pit on the left side, passes westwards and
(then) in a south-westerly direction on the existing boundary until
(it) reaches the margosa (tree) standing at the spot where the north-western
corner of Tolugur joins the eastern boundary of Kattukkumundur, a
hamlet of Nittavinoda-chaturvedimangalam in Melmalai-Melur-nadu. (L.
237.) The western boundary of (Palaiyanur) lies to the east
of (the line), which passes northwards along the existing
eastern boundary of Kattukkumundur until it reaches the ant-hill
with the uga (tree) standing on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, leaving this on the right side, passes north wards along the
existing boundary until it reaches the channel called Kurundurai which
flows from Kattukkumundru to the tank at Palaiyanur.
(Further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, cutting through this channel passes in a north-easterly
direction and (then) northwards along the existing boundary
until it reaches the pit called Karkuli (i.e., the stone-pit)
at the spot where the north-eastern corner of Kattukkumundur and the
south-western corner of Kirainallur in Palaiyanur-nadu which is a
hamlet of Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam in
Naduvilmalai-Perumur-nadu touch (each other).
(Further it lies) to the east and south of (the
line) which, leaving this pit on the right side, passes in a
north-easterly direction and (then) eastwards along the
existing southern boundary of this (village of) Kirainallur
until it reaches the rock with the mark of a double fish, lying on
the southern boundary of Kirainallur.
(Further it lies) to the south and east of (the
line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards and
(then) in a north-easterly direction along the existing
eastern boundary of this (village of) Kirainallur until it
reaches the spot where the north-eastern corner of Kirainallur and
the south eastern corner of Sakkaranallur which is a hamlet of the
above-said village (Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam)touch (each
other). (Further
it lies) to the east of (the line) which
passes in a north-easterly direction along the existing eastern
boundary of this Sakkaranallur until it reaches the boundary stone
standing on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this on
the left side, passes in a north-westerly direction along this
existing boundary until it reaches the pit with the uga (tree)
standing on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this
pit to the left, passes in a north-westerly direction, (then)
northwards and (then again) in a north-westerly direction
along this existing boundary until it reaches the pit with the atti
(tree) on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, leaving this pit on the left side, passes in a north-westerly
direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the pit
called Vellaikkuli on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this on
the left side, passes in a north-westerly direction, (then)
northwards and (then again) in a north-westerly direction
along this existing boundary until it reaches the rock with a margosa
(tree) on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this on
the left side passes in a north-westerly direction along this
existing boundary until it reaches the tree called Usilai[11]
standing at the spot where the northern boundary of Sakkaranallur
and the south-eastern corner of Karaippakkam, a hamlet of the above
(said) passes in a north-westerly direction and then
northwards along the existing eastern boundary of this (village
of) Karaippakkam until it reaches the margosa
(tree) standing on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, leaving this on the right side, passes northwards and (then)
in a north-westerly direction along this existing boundary until it
reaches the tamarind (tree) standing on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this on the right side, passes westwards along the
existing northern boundary of Karaippakkam until it reaches the velungu
tree standing at the spot where the north-western corner of
Karaippakkam joins the north-eastern corner of Midugur in
Palaiynur-nadu, a hamlet of the above (said) village.
(Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side passes in a north-westerly
direction along the existing northern boundary of this (village
of) Midugur until it reaches the velungu tree standing on
this boundary. (Further it lies) to the north of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side, passes in a westerly and (then)
in a south-westerly direction along this existing boundary until it
reaches the boundary stone marked with double fish standing at the
spot where the northern boundary-corner of Midugur, the
north-eastern corner of Mullaivayil, a hamlet of
Nittavinoda-chaturvedimangalam, and the south-eastern corner of
Anaippakkam, a hamlet of the above (said) village, meet (together).
(Further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side, passes northwards along the
existing eastern boundary of this (village of) Anaippakkam
until it reaches the tree called vanmarai[12]
standing on this boundary. (Further
it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this on
the left side, passes northwards and (then) in a north
easterly direction along the existing boundary until it reaches the velvel[13]
(tree) standing on this boundary.
(Further it lies) to the east of (the line) which,
leaving this on the right side, passes northwards and (then) in a
north easterly direction along this existing boundary until it
reaches the ant-hill with the semmanichchai[14]
(tree) standing on this boundary.
(further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, leaving this on the left side, passes northwards and (then)
in a northeasterly direction along the existing boundary until it
reaches the ant-hill standing on this boundary.
(And further it lies) to the east of (the line)
which, leaving this on the right side, passes northwards along this
existing boundary until it reaches the ebony tree standing on
this boundary. [1]
This term occurs in the different forms konerinmai kondan,
kononmai kondan, konerimmai kondan, konerimel kondan, konermai
kondan and konon inmai kondan, sometimes independently and
sometimes in continuation of the name of the king with whom the
grant is connected. Its
meaning as a title has been discussed by Dr. Hultzsch in Vol. II
above, p. 110. A
further interpretation in the light of similar phraseology
occurring in Sanskrit inscriptions is given by Mr. Venkayya in
his Annual Report on Epigraphy for 1907, p. 71.
As the term mostly occurs in subsidiary records coming
immediately after the main record of a king either in one and
the same inscription or in different inscriptions of one king
grouped together on the same wall of a temple, it looks as if
the term was meant to be one of high respect with which the king
(once mentioned) was to be introduced.
The correct form appears to be konerinmai kondan âthe
unmatched among kings.â [2]
Malisaikattu
may possibly be a mistake for Malisai-nattu.
In line 464 of the text this same name occurs as Malisattu. [3]
I.e., Egenia Racemoss which has two varieties, the
red and the white. [4]
Prosopis Spicigera. [5]
Salvudara Persica. [6]
Melnadai neerpaayaperuvathaga occurs also in other
passages where the boundary line of a village passes through a
canal or water course. It
is evidently a technical term which has to be explained by
âpermitting the right to the flow of the water over (the
boundary line)â [7]
Trophis aspera. [8]
We must have expected here a tree in an ant-hill as in
other cases. Thozhukattai
is not the proper name of any three.
Perhaps it indicates a wooden pillar set up on the road
side for being worshipped. [9]
Banhinia racemosa. [10]
Acacia arabica. [11]
Acasia pennata. [12]
Perhaps the same as vanmaram, swietenia chloroxylon. [13]
Acasia leucophloea. [14]
Perhaps same as semmanthi, a fragrant tree. ...Previous
| (Tiruvalangadu copper-plates) |
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