The Indian Analyst
 

South Indian Inscriptions

 

 

Volume - III

Contents

Preface

Introduction

Part - I

Inscription at Ukkal

Melpadi

Karuvur

Manimangalam

Tiruvallam

Part - II

Kulottunga-Chola I

Vikrama Chola

Virarajendra I

Kulottunga-Chola III

Part - III

Aditya I

Parantaka I

Gandaraditya

Parantaka II

Uttama-Chola

Parthivendravarman

Aditya II Karikala

Part - IV

copper-plate Tirukkalar

Tiruchchengodu

Other South-Indian Inscriptions 

Volume 1

Volume 2

Volume 3

Vol. 4 - 8

Volume 9

Volume 10

Volume 11

Volume 12

Volume 13

Volume 14

Volume 15

Volume 16

Volume 17

Volume 18

Volume 19

Volume 20

Volume 22
Part 1

Volume 22
Part 2

Volume 23

Volume 24

Volume 26

Volume 27

Tiruvarur

Darasuram

Konerirajapuram

Tanjavur

Annual Reports 1935-1944

Annual Reports 1945- 1947

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume 2, Part 2

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume 7, Part 3

Kalachuri-Chedi Era Part 1

Kalachuri-Chedi Era Part 2

Epigraphica Indica

Epigraphia Indica Volume 3

Epigraphia
Indica Volume 4

Epigraphia Indica Volume 6

Epigraphia Indica Volume 7

Epigraphia Indica Volume 8

Epigraphia Indica Volume 27

Epigraphia Indica Volume 29

Epigraphia Indica Volume 30

Epigraphia Indica Volume 31

Epigraphia Indica Volume 32

Paramaras Volume 7, Part 2

Śilāhāras Volume 6, Part 2

Vākāṭakas Volume 5

Early Gupta Inscriptions

Archaeological Links

Archaeological-Survey of India

Pudukkottai

The Tiruvalangadu copper-plates of the sixth year of Rajendra-Chola I

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Translation of the detached tamil inscription on plate X

(L. 307.) The northern boundary (of Palaiyanur) lies to the south of (the line) which, leaving this ebony tree on the left side, passes eastwards along this existing boundary until it reaches the ant-hill with the ilandai[1] tree standing at the spot where the north-eastern corner of Anaippakkam joins the south-western corner of Uppur in Perumur-nadu, a hamlet of Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Naduvilmali-Perumur-nadu.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this ant-hill on the right side, passes in a south-easterly direction along the existing southern boundary of Uppur until it reaches the velungu tree standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south and east of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes in a north-easterly direction and (then) northwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the tree called vankanai standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side, passes eastwards and (then) in a south-easterly direction along the existing boundary until it reaches the ant-hill with the karai[2] (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west and south of (the line) which, leaving this to the right, passes southwards and (then) in a south-easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the tree called semmanichchai standing at the spot where the southern boundary of Uppur joins the north-western corner of Kanganerippattu, a hamlet of the above (said) village.  (Further it lies) to the west of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes southwards along the existing western boundary of Kanganerippattu until it reaches the ant-hill standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west and south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes southwards and (then) in a south-easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the velungu tree standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards and (then) in a south-easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the rock with the uga  (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west and south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes southwards and (then) in a south easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the tamarind tree with rock standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west and south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes southwards and (then) in a south-easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the hedge (terri ?) called Senjiyar-terri on the southern boundary of Kanganerippattu.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, passes eastwards along the existing southern boundary of Kanganerippattu until it reaches the fresh water tank of Kanganerippattu.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards and (then) in a north-easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the wood-apple (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards and (then) in a south-easterly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the atti tree standing at the spot where the south-eastern corner of Kanganerippattu joins the north-western corner of Polipakkam in Palaiyanurnadu, a hamlet of the above (said) village.

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  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side, passes eastwards along the existing western boundary of this Polipakkam until it reaches the bank of the tank called Kanganeri.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side, passes eastwards along the existing western boundary of this Polipakkam until it reaches the bank of the tank called Kanganeri.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, cutting through this bank and allowing the upper flow of water of this tank, gets up (the bank) in a south-easterly direction (and passes) until it reaches the old channel which proceeding from the sluice of Kanganeri irrigates Palaiyanur, Polipakkam and Kayarpakkam.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, cutting through this channel and allowing the upper flow of water, passes in a south-easterly direction along the existing boundary until it reaches the Amangavaykkal[3] which flows from the Kanganeri (tank).  (Further it lies) to the west and south of (the line) which, cutting through this, passes southwards and (then) eastwards along the existing western boundary of Polipakkam until it reaches the ant-hill with the pullandi (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side, passes eastwards along this existing boundary until it reaches the old channel irrigating Palaiyanur and Polipakkam.  (Further it lies) to the west of (the line) which, cutting through this channel and allowing the water to flow over, passes southwards along this existing boundary until it reaches the ant-hill with the margosa (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side passes southwards along this existing boundary until it reaches the high-level channel mettuvaykkal flowing from the sluice of (the tank) Kanganeri.  (Further it lies) to the north of (the line) which, allowing the water of this channel to flow over cuts through it, and passes in a south-westerly direction along this existing boundary until it reaches the margosa (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes southwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the path leading to Palaiyanur from Kanganeri.   (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, following this same path, passes along the existing boundary in a south-easterly direction (until it) reaches the tamarind (tree) called Kumaranpuli standing on the southern boundary of Polipakkam.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side, follows this same path along the existing boundary in a south-easterly direction and then turns and goes in a north-easterly direction.  (Further it lies) to the east of (the line) which, cutting across this path, passes northwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the tank called Kulivaniyan-eri on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this tank on the right side, passes northwards along the existing eastern boundary of Polipakkam until it reaches the eastern bank of the sacred bathing tank in front of the temple of Mahadeva at Polipakkam.  (Further it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes northwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the western bank of the well called Mottaikkinaru on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the east of (the line) which, leaving this well on the right side, passes northwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the margosa (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards and (then) in a north-easterly direction along the existing boundary until it reaches the ant-bill standing on the eastern ridge of the field called Nochcikkaluval on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the ant-hill standing in the south-western corner of Kayarpakkam.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards and then in a north-easterly direction and (then again) eastwards along the existing southern boundary of this (village of) Kayarpakkam until it reaches the velungu tree standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this on the left side, passes eastwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the ant-hill standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the east and south of (the line) which, leaving this on the right side, passes northwards and then eastwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the stout margosa (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the west and south of (the line) which, leaving this margosa on the left side, passes southwards and eastwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the mound with the margosa (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the east and south of (the line) which, leaving this mound on the right side, passes northwards and (then) eastwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the well called Amanpatti-kinaru at the spot where the south-eastern corner of Kayarpakkam joins the south-western corner of Kulapadi in Perumur-nadu, a hamlet of the above (said) village.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this well on the right side, passes in a north-easterly direction and (then) eastwards along the existing southern boundary of this Kulapadi, until it reaches the pond called Kurundurai-madu.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, allowing the upper flow of water of this (pond), cuts this right across and (then) getting up, passes in a north-easterly direction and then eastwards along the existing boundary until it reaches the ant-hill with the uga (tree) standing on this boundary.  (Further it lies) to the south of (the line) which, leaving this ant-hill on the right side, passes in a north-easterly direction and (then) eastwards along the existing southern boundary of Kulapadi until it reaches the ant-hill with the uga (tree) standing on this boundary.  And (further) leaving this on the right side, (the boundary) passes  eastwards
along the existing southern boundary of Kulapadi and reaches the spot where it first started.

(L. 426.) (The following are) the privileges (parihara) secured (by the temple) on getting as devadana, all the land situated within the four great boundaries herein thus declared including wet lands, dry lands, villages, village-sites, houses, house-gardens, open fields,[4] waste (lands set apart) for grazing cattle, tanks, cow-pens,[5] ant-hills, hedges, forest-lands, pidiligai, barren lands, brackish lands, streams, channels cut through fields, rivers, arable lands near rivers, (deep) pits (of water) where fish exist, hollows where honey is stored, trees growing up, wells sunk below, tanks, ponds, lakes, collections of water below lake (bunds), without excluding any existing land which is either covered with water or rolled by the harrow, (the land) where iguanas run or the tortoises creep: — nadatchi (fee for the administration of the district), uratchi (fee for the administration of the village),  nali (of grain) on (every) basket, pundanali,[6] (fee on) washer men’s stones, marriage-fees, fees on potters and shepherds, tax on looms, brokerage tax on goldsmiths, manrupadu, mavirai, tiyeri, virpidi, valamanjadi, good cow, good bull free for the watch of the district (nadukaval), udupokku, ilaikkulam, water-tax, tolls, fees of ferries and every (other) fee including such as the king could take and enjoy, shall not (henceforth) be received by the king (but) shall be received by this god only.  For having thus obtained (the land), the following conditions (vyavasthai) are imposed : — “(the lands) of the village shall be irrigated by canals dug (proportionately) as per water assigned (from those canals); other (who are not tenants of the devadana lands) shall not be permitted to cut branches from these canals (kurangaru), dam (the passage of water) across, put up small piccottas, or bale (out) water in baskets.  The water (thus) assigned shall not be wasted.  Such water shall be (appropriately) used for irrigation (after) being regulated.  Channels and springs passing across the lands of other villages to irrigate (the lands of) this village, shall (be permitted to) flow over (the boundary line) and to cast up (silt).  Channels and springs passing across the lands of this village to irrigate (the lands of) outside villages, shall (also be permitted) to flow over and cast up (silt) ; mansions and large edifices shall be built of burnt tiles (bricks ?) ; reservoirs and wells shall be dug ; coconut (trees) shall be planted in groves; maruvu, damanagam, iruveli senbagam, red lilies and mango, jack, coconut, areca and such other useful trees of various descriptions, shall be put in and planted ; large oil-presses shall be set up; the Ilavas (toddy-drawers) shall not (be permitted to) climb the coconut and palmyra (trees) within the surrounding boundaries of this village ; the embankments of the tanks of this village shall be permitted to be raised within their (own) limits (to any suitable height) so as to hold the utmost quantity of water that may be let into those (tanks).[7]

(L. 458.) Having taken round the female elephant and circumambuated the hamlets and having planted (boundary) stones and milk-bush, we, the people (nattom) of Palaiyanur in Melmalai-Palaiyanur-nadu, drew up and gave the charity-deed (aravolai) for a devadana to Mahadeva (Siva) of Tiruvalangadu from the sixth year (of reign), subject to the privileges and conditions set forth above.  This is the signature of me, Malisai-kilan Manan Ariyeru[8] of Malisainadu in Mangadu-nadu, (a subdivision) of Puliyur-kottam in Jayangondasola-mandalam, who belonged to the department of taxes and who being present with the people (of Palaiyanur), (was one of the persons) who led round the female elephant and drew and presented the charity-deed.  This is the signature of me, Peruman-Ambalattadi alias Udaiyamarttanda-Muvendavelan of Sirramur in Vandalaivelur-kurram, (a subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu who thus got the charity-deed to be drawn up after taking the female elephant round.  This is the signature of me, Bharadvaji Narayanan Sendapiran Bhatta of Sirunanalur, a resident of the glorious Arumolidevachcheri of Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, who got thus the female elephant taken round and the charity-deed drawn up.  Thus, we (the members) of the assembly of Singalantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Naduvilmalai-Perumur-nadu, marked and showed the boundaries and going round with the female elephant planted the (boundary) stones and milk-bush for the devadana and drew up and presented the charity-deed.  This is the signature of me, the arbitrator Ayiravan Arangan alias Singalantaka Danmappiriyan, the karanattan of this village.  We the villagers (urom) of Palaiyanur in Menmalai-Palaiyanur-nadu, marked and showed the boundaries, thus, and going round with the female elephant, planted the (boundary) stones and milk-bush and drew up and presented the charity-deed, for the devadana.  This is the signature of me the Sivabrahmanan Kasyapan Pudi Tiruvorriyuradiga, the karanattan of this village, who wrote this under the orders of the villagers.  We (the members of) the assembly of Nittavinoda-chaturvedimangalam in Menmalai-Melur-nadu marked and showed thus the milk-bush for the devadana and drew up and presented the charity-deed.  This is the signature of me, the arbitrator Ayiravan Ayyan Peruman alias Srikrishnan Uttamappiriyan who is the karanattan  of this village.

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(L. 484.) Narakkan —  Marayan Jananathan alias Rajendrasola-Brhamadhiraja of Keralantaka-chaturvedimangalam in Venadu, (a subdivision) Uyyakkondar-valanadu; the magistrate (adhikari) Tattan Sendanar alias Rajendrasola-Anukka-Pallavaraiyan, the headman of vayalur in Vennadu, (a subdivision) of Uyyakkondaru-valanadu; Udaiyadivakaran Tillaiyaliyar alias Rajaraja-Muvendavelar of Kanchvayil in Peravur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Uyyakondar-valanadu; Manikkan Eduttapadam alias Sola-Muvendavelar of Parakesarinallur, in Tiruvindalur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Rajendrasinga-valanadu ; and Vennayil Kuttanar of Idaikkudi in Eriyur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Pandikulasani-valanadu, havng ordered that it should be entered in the accounts as issued (which the above signatures) ; Kali Ekambaran of Pichchipakkam in Purisai-nadu, (a subdivision) of Manaiyir-kottam in Jayangonda-solamandalam, the superintendent of the department of taxes ; Murti-Vidi-vidangan of Kachchiram, in Arvala-kurram, (a subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu; Kuvanai Siralan, the headman of Kottaiyur in Misengiliyur-nadu, (a subdivsion) of Pandikulasani-valanadu; Kanjan Kondayan of Kamadamangaloam in Purakkiliyur-nadu, (a subdivision) of the same nadu; and Kunamadan Achchan of Sinriyanpakkam in Panaiyur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Jayangonda-Sola-mandalam —  all of the department of taxes; the varippottagam (officers) Pagavan Angi of Kaichchiram in Arvla-kurram, (a subdivision) of Arumolideva-valanadu ; and Kuditangi Aravanaiyan of Karikudi in Idaiyarru-nadu, (a subdivision) of Pandikulasani-valanadu ; the mugavetti (officers) Sulapani Arumoli of Konur in Kandana-nadu, (a subdivision) of rajaraja-valanadu; Singan Aravanaiyan, the headman of Se bakkam in Sirukunra-nadu, (a subdivision) of Amur-kottam in Jayangonda-Sola-mandalam; Arumbakkilan Vaigundan Kadadi of Nungambakkam in Puliyur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Puliyur-kottam; Araiyaman Arangan Pisangan of Narrayanallur in Urrukkattu-nadu, (a subdivision) of Urrukkattu-kottam; the varippottagakkanakku  (officer) Achchan Angadi of Ulakkaiyur in Sara-nadu (a subdivision) of Idur-kottam; the variyilidu (officers) Muli Udaiyadivakaran of Odalpadi in Taichchanur-nadu the southern division of Pangala-nadu ; Manikkan Durandaran of Karavur in Urrukkattu-nadu, (a subdivision) of Urrukkattu-kottam; and Tevadi Kamalan of Mungirkudi in Tiruvarur-kurram, (a subdivision) of Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu ; and the kilmugavetti  (officers) Aiyraran Devarkandan, Somarasar Devan, Pattan Sikkali, Velan Peruman, Setti Tiruvadigal, Uran Eran, Kuttadi Nanurruvan and Irunurraimbadinman Aratturai, being present, had it entered in the accounts in the seventh year and the (one) hundred and fifty-fifth day (of the reign of the king).

(L. 518.) Four sculptors born at Kanchipura, ornaments of the race of Hovya, wrote this eulogy (prasasti) : — the high-minded Aravamurta who, though born of Krishna, was not of sullied (Krishna) conduct; his two younger brothers who bore the names Ranga and Damodara ; and (his) son, the famous Purushotama, who was the bee at the paid of the lotus feet of (god) Purushottama (i.e., Vishnu).  By these four persons who were well versed in the various forms of mechanical art, who had their birth at the great (city of) Kanchipura, who were wise and who were born in the Ovi family, this edict was clearly engraved.


[1]  Zizihiphus jujuba.

[2]  Webera tetrandra.

[3]  The first part of this word is perhaps correctly Ammanga which was the name of Rajendra Chola’s daughter, the queen of the Eastern Chalukya king, Rajaraja I.

[4]  mandru may be connected with menradi which generally occurs in inscriptions in the sense of ‘a shepherd.’   The word is evidently different from mandram which is explained by Mahamahopadhyaya V. Swaminatha Ayyar as the open platform under a tree where all people of a village meet together.

[5]  Kottagam is perhaps a corruption of the Sanskrit goshthaka.

[6]  See above, Vol. II, p. 531 n.

[7]  Yerkumalavum yettru kokkumalavum kokka is a phrase which could only mean “the maximum capacity of water.”

[8]  InI, 126 this same name occurs as Arayerru-Bhattan.

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