No. 1 to 4 north & west wall of the same shrine

No. 5 to 8 south wall of the same shrine

No. 9 to 11 north wall of the mandapa

No. 12 to 14 west & south wall of the same mandapa

No. 1.- On the north wall of the shrine

This inscription is dated in the23rd year of the reign of the ancient Chola king Rajakesarivarman.[1]  It records that a certain Brahmadhiraja (II. 4 and 11) deposited 200 kalanju of gold with the villagers, and that the latter pledged themselves to apply the interest of this sum to the feeding of twelve learned Brahmanas.

(Line 1.) Hail! Prosperity! In the twenty-third year (of the reign) of king Rajakesarivarman.  The writing of us, the assembly of Sivachulamanimangalam, alias Apara[ji]ta-chaturvedimangalam, (a village) in Pagur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Kaliyur-kottam.

(L. 3.) (We) have received two hundred kalanju of gold from Tiruvikrama-Bhattar, alias Brahmadhirajar, of Sedi[ru]r, (one) among the commissioners (ganattar) ruling over Uttarameru-chaturvedimangalam,[2]  (a village) in its own subdivision (kuru)[3] of the same kottam.

(L. 5.) From the interest of this gold, twelve Brahmanas who know the Veda, have to be fed daily, before the god (peruman-adigal) of the Puvanimanikka-Vishnugriham in our village receives offerings at noon-time.

(L. 7.) We have received these two hundred kalanju, in order to supply as long as the moon and the stars exist, to each of these twelve (brahmanas), (one) alakku of ghee, five dishes of curry, five ulakku of curds, two areca-nuts, and betel-leaves until they are satisfied, (and) in order to supply everything else to these twelve Brahmans, to the cooks, and to those who fetch firewood.

(L. 9.) Those who do not feed (them) thus and cause obstruction, shall incur all the sins committed between the Ganga and Kumari.[4]

>

(L. 10.) If (any persons) hinder this, the sacrifices and charitable deeds (ishtapurta) which they have performed themselves before, shall devolve on Brahmadhirajan.[5]

(L. 11.) Having agreed thus, we, the assembly, engraved (this) on stone.  Hail ! Prosperity !

No. 2.- On the north and west walls of the shrine

This inscription is dated in the 13^th year of the reign of Rajaraja-Kesarivarman.  The king receives the epithet “who destroyed the ships at Salai,” and must be identified accordingly with the great Chola king Rajaraja I., who ascended the throne in A.D. 984-85.[6]

The inscription records that a certain Narayana Rajasimha, a native of the Chola country, purchased 550 kuli of land, and made them over to the assembly of the village, under the condition that their produce should be utilized for supplying the god with 4 nali of rice daily.

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 13^th year (of the reign) of king Rajaraja-Kesarivarman, who destroyed the ships (at) Salai.[7]  The writing of us, the great assembly of Sivachulamanimangalam, alias Sri-Vikramabharana-chaturvedimangalam, (a village) in its own subdivision of Kaliyur-kottam.

(L. 2.) Kaduvang-udaiyan Narayanan Rajasimhan of Kaduvangudi, (a village) in Tiruvindalur-nadu, (a district) on the northern bank (of the Kaveri) in Sonadu,[8] had purchased from Sattikumara-Kramavittan[9] of Urupputtur five hundred and fifty kuli, - (measured) by a graduated rod, beginning[10] (to measure) from the land (of the temple) of Sri-Raghavadevar in the north, - of land to the west of the road (vadi) to (the temple of) Samkaranarayana (and) to the north of the Tarudamba channel, and had assigned (it) for (providing) four nali (of rice) for the oblations to be offered at noon-time to (the god) Tiruva[y]molidevar in our village.

(L. 5.) Having received the revenue of this land, and having exempted (it) from taxes for as long as the moon and the sun exist, we, the assembly, engraved (this) on stone.

(L. 6.) Having been present in the assembly and having heard (their) order, I, the arbitrator (madhyastha) Ayirattirunurruvan, alias Brahmagunakaravidyasthana-Mangaladitya-Samanjasapriyan, the son of Nalayiravan, wrote (this).  Prosperity !

No. 3.- On the west wall of the shrine

This inscription is dated in the 14^th year of the reign of Rajaraja-Kesarivarman.  Like No. 2, which is dated one year earlier, it refers to the destruction of the ships at Salai, and mentions in addition the conquest of Vengainnadu (or Vengai-nadu), Ganga-padi, Tadiya-vali (instead of which most other inscriptions of Rajaraja I. read Tadigai-padi), Nulamba-padi.

The inscription records that a certain Perran Adittan, a native of the Chola country, purchased two pieces of land, the first piece from a private person and the second from the assembly of the village, and that he made over both pieces of land to the villagers for maintaining a flower-garden for the temple.

(Line 1.)  Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 14^th year (of the reign) of king Rajaraja-Kesarivarman, who, having destroyed the ships (at) Salai, conquered Vengainnadu, Ganga-padi, Tadiya-vali and Nulamba-padi.  The writing of us, the assembly of Sivachulamanimangalam, alias Sri-Vikramabharana-chaturvedimangalam, (a village) in its own subdivision of Kaliyur-kottam.

(L. 4.) Kalanivayil-Udaiyan [P]erran Adittan of Kalanivayil, (a village) in Tiruvalundur-nadu, (a district) on the southern bank (of the Kaveri) in Sola-nadu, had purchased from Odimukki[bhran]ta-Kramavittan 538 kuli of cultivated land, (measured) by a graduated rod, to the north of the Tarudamba channel,[11] to the south of Pagadi, (and) to the west of the road to (the temple of) of god (peruman-adi), and had assigned (this) land for the maintenance[12] of a flower-garden (nandavanam) to the god (paramasvamin) of the Puvanimanikka-Vishnugriham in our village.

(L. 7.) The same person had purchased from us, the assembly, for a flower-garden, 501 kuli  of land, (measured) by a graduated rod, to the west of the irrigation channel[13] of Mudumbai Sandirachcha-Kramar, to the north of the river, to the east of the field of Srinarayana-Agnisarma-Kramar, to the north of the river, to the east of the field of Srinarayana-Agnisarma-Kramar with the exception of a road (of the breadth)of one rod, (and) to the south (of the field) of Mudumbai Sandirachcha-Tambiyum-Ullittar.[14] (L. 9.) Having received in full the purchase-money and the revenue of the land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and having exempted this flower-garden and (the land assigned for) the maintenance of the flower-garden from taxes for as long as the moon and the sun exist, we, the assembly, engraved (this) on stone. (L. 11.) Having been present in the assembly and having heard (their) order, I, the arbitrator Ayirttirunurruvan, alias Brahmagunakaravidyasthana-Mangaladitya-Samanjasapriyan, the son of Nalayiravan, wrote (this).[15] Prosperity !  No. 4.- On the west wall of the shrine This inscription is dated in the 29th year of the reign of Rajakesarivarman, alias Rajarajadeva, and records that Kannan Aruran, a native of the Chola country and a servant of the king, founded near Ukkal a well, which he named after the king, and assigned an allowance of paddy to the men who distributed water in a shed which was erected near the well. (Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 29th year (of the reign) of the glorious king Rajakesarivarman, alias Sri-Rajarajadeva, who, in his life of growing strength, during which, - (in) the belief that, as well as the goddess of fortune, the goddess of the great earth had become his wife, - he was pleased to destroy the ships (at) Kandalur-Salai, and conquered by (his) army, which was victorious in great battles, Vengai-nadu, Ganga-padi, Nulamba-padi, Tadigai-padi, Kudamalai-nadu, Kollam, Kalingam, Ila-mandalam, (which was the country) of the warlike Singalas, the seven and a half lakshas  of Iratta-padi, and twelve thousand ancient islands of the sea, - deprived the Seliyas of (their) splendour at the very moment when Udagai,[16] which is worshipped everywhere, was (most) resplendent ; - Kannan Aruran, a native of Avur, (a village) in Avur-kurram, (a subdivision) of Nittavinoda-valanadu, (a district) of the country on the southern bank (of the Kaveri) in Sola-mandalam, (and) a servant (panimagan) of the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva, caused to be constructed in the royal name of Sri-Rajarajadeva, a well (kinuru) and a cistern (totti) on the high-road to the west of Ukkal, alias Sri Vikramabharana-chaturvedimangalam, a village forming its own subdivision[17] of Kaliyur-kottam, (a district) of Jayankonda-Sola-mandalam. (L. 6.) The same person assigned to those who draw water for the cistern from the well of Sri-Rajaraja, 2 kuruni of paddy per day, (measured) by the marakkal  (called after) Arumolidevan,[18] i.e., 30 kalam  of paddy for 6 months ; to those who distribute water (in the name of) Sri-Rajaraja, 2 kuruni of paddy per day, i.e., 30 kalam  for 6 months ; to those who supply earthen pots for this water-shed (pandal), 2 tuni  of paddy per month, i.e.,  4 kalam of paddy for 6months ; and for the repair of cracks in the well of Sri-Rajaraja and in the cistern, 2 kalam and 2 tuni  of paddy per year ; altogether, 66 kalam and 2 tuni  of paddu. (L. 9.) In order to (supply) this paddy, we, the assembly of this village, having received from him the revenue and the purchase-money, having exempted (the land granted) from taxes. . . . . . . [1]  To the same reign belong Nos. 84 and 147 of Vol. I. ; Ep. Ind. Vol. III.  No. 38, A ; and No. 13 below.  The king is perhaps identical with Aditya I., the father of Parantaka I. [2]  This is the modern Uttaranmerur in the Madurantakam taluka of the Chingleput district. [3]  The expression implies that the village by itself formed an independent subdivision of a district (kottam), just as Tiruvottur in Vol. I. No. 85 (where then kuttru must be bead instead of thanakuttru), and as Tirukkalukkunram in Ep. Ind. Vol. III.  p. 279.  The technical designation of such a village was Taniyur, for which see the Index to Vol. II. of the present work. [4] Compare Ep. Ind.  Vol. IV. P. 140, note 3. [5]  According to line 4 of the text, this was the name of the donor. [6]  See Ind. Ant. Vol. XXIII. P. 297, and Ep. Ind. Vol. IV. P. 68. [7]  See Vol. II. p. 241, note 1. [8]  This is a contraction of Sola-nadu ; see Vol. II. p. 229, note 2. [9]  See Vol. II p. 259, note 1. [10]  This translation of adaiya is doubtful.  The same word occurs in No. 10, line 6, and in Vol. II, No. 78, line 4, where therkadaiya must be read instead of therakadai. [11]  The same channel was mentioned in No. 2, Line 4. [12]  The term puram occurs again in No. 4, line 8, and in No. 12, line 6. [13]  Literally, ‘the channel (from which water is drawn by) small lever;’ on kurr-ettam see Vol. II. p. 360, note 4. [14]  The expression ullittar, ‘partners,’ occurs in Vol. I. Nos. 54 and 71, and in Vol. II. p. 115. [15]  The inscription No. 2 was written by the same person. [16]  On Udagai see Vol. II. p. 250, note 3. [17]  On this translation of taniyur  see above, p. 3, note 7. [18]   This was a surname of Rajaraja I. ; see Vol. II. p. 259, note 5. Home Page

>

>

About Us Contact Us Feedback Guestboook Copyright Information >