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Pallva
Inscriptions
Nos.201
to 225
No.
201.
(A. R. No. 307 of 1913).
Chidambaram,
Chidambaram Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the third prakara of the Nataraja temple.
This record of the 17th
year refers to the gift of some land in Vadasemangaam in Tiruvindalur-nadu,
a subdivision of Rajadhiraja-valanadu which Tittikka-Aduvar of Kudal purchased
from Tiruchchirrambala-Muvendavelar of Karikudi for providing additional
offerings during the five extra sandis to the god Dakshinamurti in the
temple of Mulasthanam-Udaiyar at Chidambaram for which provision had been made
in another record from the same place (No. 152 above dated in the 7th
year of the chief).
The inscription was
ordered to be engraved on the wall called âVikramasolan-tirumaligaiâ by the
officer
Solakon.
No.
202.
(A. R. No. 104 of 1921).
Melpadi,
Chittor Taluk and District.
On
the south wall of the mandapa (right of entrance)
In
front of the central shrine in the Somanathesvara temple.
This inscription of the 17th
year registers a remission of a number of specified taxes on the village
Marudampakkam for conducting a festival to the god Cholendra
singamudaiya-Nayanar by Amarabharanar alias Siyagangan,
who calls himself âLord of Kuvalalapuraâ, âdescendant of the Ganga familyâ and
âlord of the Kaveri and Nandigiriâ. This chief appears to have been a
subordinate of Kopperunjingadeva and was probably identical with Amarabharanan
Siyagana the patron of Pavanandi (Bhavanandi), the author of the Tamil
Grammar Nannul, who figures in records of Kulottunga-Chola III, dated in
the 27th and 34th years[1];
but it has to be mentioned that the interval between the latter date and that
of the present epigraph is nearly 48 years, unless we assign the present
inscription of Kopperunjinga I. Siyaganga was the son of Cholendrasimha and was
also known as Siraimitta-perumal[2]
and Uttamachola-Ganga[3].
From an inscription at
Melpadi itself we know that the ancient name of the Somanathesvara temple was
Cholendrasimhesvaram[4]
and that it was constructed by Rajaraja I in the city of Vira-Rajasrayapuram,
newly founded by him after canceling the old surname of Merpadi viz.
Viranarayanapuram[5].
The village Marudabakkam
may be identified with the village of the same name in the Walajapet taluk of
the North Arcot district.
No.
203.
(A. R. No. 320 of 1921).
Tirukkoyilur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the second prakara in the Trivikrama-Perumal temple.
This inscription of the 17th
year records a gift of 2,800 kasu by Sanakiyandal, wife of Kausikan
Perumal of Nenmali alias Miladamahadevich-chaturvedimangalam âon the
southern bank of the Pennaiâ in Kurukkaik-kurram, a subdivision of Miladu alias
Jananatha-valanadu, for providing from the interest thereon, offerings on the
Uttarayana festival day every year to the god Tiruvidakkali-Nayanar at
Tirukkovalur.
The date of the
inscription according to the details given is A.D. 1259, December 26, Friday.
The village Nenmali
mentioned in the record is evidently the same as the modern Nemali in the
Tirukkoyilur taluk.
No.
204.
(A. R. No. 196 of 1930).
Kunnattur,
Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the west wall of the central shrine in the Tirunagesvara temple.
In this record dated in
the 17th year, it is stated that the assembly in charge of
the central shrine in the temple of Tirunagisvaramudaiya-Nayanar at Kunrattur
in Puliyur-kottam alias Kulottungasola-valanadu, a subdivision of
Jayangondasola-mandalam, received 3 palankasu from Piraiyanivanudalar,
the daughter of Ponnalvar, a servant attached to the temple and agreed to burn
a twilight lamp before the imae of dakshinamurti set up by her in the temple. It
may be pointed out here that in this inscription no distinction is made between
the territorial divisions âkottamâ and âvalanaduâ.
No.
205.
(A. R. No. 314 of 1911).
Velachcheri,
Saidapet Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the south wall of the central shrine in the Dandesvara temple.
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This inscription records
a gift of 9 panam made in the 18th year of the chief
for burning a twilight lamp for 7 naligai (i.e. 2 hours and 48 minutes) daily,
in the temple of Tiruttandisuramudaiya-Nayanar at Velichcheri alias
Jinachintamani-chaturvedimangalam, by Marududaiyan Soran Ariyan of Kirangudi in
Sola-mandalam.
The name Jina(Dina)
chintamani-chaturvedimangalam came to be applied to Velachcheri from about the
time of Kulottunga-Chola III, because the earlier inscriptions of the place do
not mention it. The village Kirangudi may be identified with the village of the
same name in the Nannilam taluk of the Tanjore district.
No.
206.
(A. R. No. 432 of 1921).
Tiruvennainallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the west wall of the mandapa containing the Somaskanda images in the
Kripapurisvara temple.
This inscription records
that the chief exempted, from his 18th year, the garden called
âAnaikku-arasu-valangun-perumal[6]-tiruttoppuâ
at Tiruvennainallur and âKopperunjingan-toppurâ at Silagampatti which he had
presented to the temple and also other devadana lands from payment of
taxes and that he ordered the amount thus remitted to be utilized for rearing
gardens (toppu) and with the balance, if any, to provide for worship and
repairs in the temple of Atkondadeva at Tiruvennainallur. The epithet Anaikku-arasu-valangum-perumal,
which means âhe who gave away the kingdom for an elephantâ has not been met
with before, and it is not known what incident it refers to.
The document is attested
by Kopperunjinga, Tondaiman, Viluppadarayan and Kurukulattaraiyan.
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No.
207.
(A. R. No. 417 of 1909).
Siddhalingamadam,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the east wall of the prakara in the Vyaghrapadesvara temple.
This record of the 19th
year registers the agreement made by the Sivabrahmanas of the temple of
Tiruppulippagava-Nayanar at Sirringur, a brahmadeya in Kurukkaik-kurram,
a subdivision of Rajaraja-valanadu, to burn a perpetual lamp before the god for
32 cows received by them from Avanialappiranda Kopperunjingadeva.
Sirringur is the same as
the present Siddhalingamadam where this inscription is found.
According to the
astronomical details given, the date of the record is A.D. 1262, May 8, Monday.
No.
208.
(A. R. No. 13 of 1911).
Tirumalisai,
Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the north base of the Jagannatha-Perumal temple.
This is a fragmentary
record of the chief dated in the 19th year. It registers a
gift, after purchase, by two bhattas of the village, of some house-sites
to the god Tirumalisai-Emberuman at Tirumali[sai] alias
Pukkaturaivallava-chaturvedimangalam.
No.
209.
(A. R. No. 319 of 1913).
Chidambaram,
Chidambaram Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the third prakara in the Nataraja temple.
This inscription dated
in the 19th year of Sakalabhuvanachakravarttin
Avanialappirandar alias Kopperunjinga, records an order of Solakon
issued to the authorities of the temple at Chidambaram to engrave on the walls
of their temple, the tax-free gift of the garden called âValiyadimaikondanâ[7]
at Vikramasingapuram belonging to the god Aludaiya-Nayanar and the land granted
for the maintenance of 10 servants looking after this garden, comprising in all
47 ½ ma of land in extent.
No.
210.
(A. R. No. 394 of 1918).
Shiyali,
Shiyali Taluk, Tanjore District.
On
the east wall of the first prakara of the Brahmpurisvara temple.
This is a damaged
inscription dated in the 19th year. It records a grant of
land by Devargaldevan of Gudalur in Jayangondasola-valanadu for
providing offerings to the god, evidently at Shiyali.
The astronomical details
of date given in the inscription correspond to A.D. 1263, January 24,
Wednesday. The regnal year quoted is an expired one.
No.
211.
(A. R. No. 395 of 1918).
On
the same wall.
This is also a damaged
record dated in the 19th year. It is connected with the
previous inscription and registers a grant of land as tirunamattukkani
in Olaiyamangalam situated in Vennaiyur-nadu, a subdivision of
rajadhiraja-valanadu, by a certain Singaravalamudikavittan.
Olaiyamangalam may be
identified with the village Oliyamputtur in the Shiyali taluk of the Tanjore
district.
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No.
212.
(A. R. No. 365 of 1919).
Little
Conjeeveram, Conjeeveram Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the east side of the ârockâ in the Arulala-Perumal temple.
This is also a record of
the 19th year and it registers a gift of 96 sheep and a ram
by Arunagirip-perumal, one of the sons of Pillaiyar Panchanadivana
Nilagangaraiyar[8], for
supplying daily, by the measure Ariyennavallanali, one nail of
curds, and one ulakku of ghee for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple
of Arulalap-Perumal, âwho was pleased to standâ at Tiruvattiyur in Kanchipuram.
The donor Arunagiripperumal
also figures in the regime of Vijaya-Gandagopala[9]
and Jatavarman Sundara-Pandya.[10]
The astronomical
citations are correct for A.D. 1261, September 1, Thursday.
No.
213.
(A. R. No. 316 of 1921).
Tirukkoyilur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the second prakara in the Trivikrama-Perumal temple.
Like the previous one,
this inscription also refers to an endowment for a lamp made in the 19th
year of the chief. It registers a gift of 32 cows and 1 bull by Avaniyalappirandan
Kopperunjinga to supply daily 1 ulakku of ghee by the measure Ulagalandan-nali
for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruvidaikkali-Nayanar at
Tirukkovalur in Kurukkaik-kurram, a subdivision of Miladu alias Janantha-valanadu.
The date of the record,
according to the details given, is A.D. 1261, November 28, Monday[11].
No.
214.
(A. R. No. 213 of 1929-30).
Kunnattur,
Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the east wall of the Kalyana-mandapa in the Tirunagesvara temple.
This inscription dated in
the 1[9]th year states that the assembly in charge of the central shrine
of the Tirunagisvaramudaiya-Nayanar temple at Kunrattur in Kunrattur-nadu
received 3 palan-kasu from Kannudai-Nachchiyar, daughter of a devaradiyal
named Ponniyar and agreed to maintain a twilight lamp in the temple.
No.
215.
(A. R. No. 103 of 1934-35).
Chidambaram,
Chidambaram Taluk, South Arcot District.
ON
the north wall of the second prakara in the Nataraja temple.
This inscription is
dated in the 19th year and registers an order of Solakon issued
to the authorities of the temple at Chidambaram to engrave on its walls a grant
of 80 ma of land given for a flower-garden called
âSokkachchiyan-kamugu-tirunandavanamâ in Bhupalasundarasolanallur situated in
Vesalippadip-parru. According to the original grant the extent of this garden
was only 63 and odd ma of land, but when measured by the âSokkachchiyan-kolâ,
it showed an increase and actually measured 80 ma. The kadamai tax
on the increased land now noticed was remitted up to the 18th year
of the chief and the inscription was also ordered to be engraved on the same
wall where the original gift of this garden was engraved[12]
in the 15th year of Periyadevar i.e., Kopperunjinga
I.
No.
216.
(A. R. No. 105 of 1934-35).
On
the west wall of the third prakara in the same temple.
This damaged record
dated in the 19th year, registers an order of the officer Solakon exempting fom taes the lands given for the maintenance of our gardeners
looking after the garden called âTiruchchirrambalamudaiyan-tirunandavanamâ
which was formed by Gangoli Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyar alias Udaiyar
Isvarasivar of Savarnna-gotra and belonging to the Southern Radha country
in Uttarapatha, for providing garlands to the god Udaiyar
Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyar and the goddess
Tirukkamakkottamudaiya-Periyanachchiyar.
Radha country
corresponds to a portion of the present Bengal province, which was formerly
divided into two divisions, the northern and the southern. The portion to the
north of the river Ajaya, including a portion of the district of Murshidabad
was known as Uttara-Radha and that to the south as Dakshina-Radha[13].
No.
217.
(A. R. No. 115 of 1934-35).
Arakandanallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the west wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the
Oppilamanisvara temple.
This record, dated in
the 19th year, registers a gift of 32 cows by Avanialappirandan
Valvallaperumal Kopperunjinga for burning a twilight lamp in the temple of
the god Opporuvarumillada-Nayanar at Tiru-Araiyaninallur in Udaikkadu âon the
northern bank of the river Pennaiâ in Vanagoppadi. The title âValvallaperumalâ
or its Sanskrit variant viz., Khadgamalla is found in the records at
Tiruvannamalai (S.I.I. Vol. VIII, No. 69), Attur (No. 120 above),
Tiruvakkarai (No. 246 below), Tirupurantakam (No. 247 below) and Tirupati (No.
73 of 1889).
The astronomical details
given here are the same as in No. 213 above and point to A.D. 1261, November
28, Monday as the date of these two inscriptions.
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No.
218.
(A. R. No. 356 of 1919).
Little
Conjeeveram, Conjeeveram Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the east side of the ârockâ in the Arulala-Perumal temple.
This inscription refers
to the provision made for a lamp in the 20th year of the
chief. It records the agreement made by the trustees of the temple of
Arulalap-Perumal to burn a perpetual lamp before the god for 15 Nellur-madai
received by them from Sevvakkan, sister-in-law of Annaladevan of
Nellur.
This record gives 15 Nellur-madai as equivalent to 331 Perumal-rasi[panam].
No.
219.
(A. R. No. 499 of 1921).
Tiruvennainallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the east wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the
Vaikuntha-Perumal temple.
This inscription, also
dated in the 20th year, registers a gift of 4 cows each by
three persons, viz., Kuravaseri Isvara-Bhattan, a resident of the agrahara
Sevalai, Varadaraja-Bhattan of Perumpandur and Muvayirakkon Madiyan, a shepherd
attached to the temple, for burning on the whole three twilight lamps in the
temple of Vaikunthatt-Emberuman at Tiruvennainallur. The cows were left in
charge of shepherds who had to supply monthly 1 nali of ghee for each
lamp, as measured by the standard measure Arumolidevan-nali.
No.
220.
(A. R. No. 392 of 1928-29).
Ponnur,
Wandiwash Taluk, North Arcot District.
On
the door-jamb (proper right) of the central shrine in the Alagapperumal temple.
This record is damaged
in the middle. It is dated in the 21st year and refers to and
endowment made by Aruvandai[14]
Andan Tiruchchorrutturaiyudaiyan Sorappillai of Ponnur[15] alias Alagiyasolanallur. The document is attested by Villavarayan,
Adiyaman and Seliyadaraiyan, the accountant of the nadu.
No.
221.
(A. R. No. 119 of 1904).
Tiruthnagari,
Cuddalore Taluk, Suth Arcot District.
On
the north base of the central shrine in the Sivankuresvara temple.
This inscription of the 22nd
year records the remission of a number of specified taxes on the devadana
and tirunamattukkani lands and on the village Tiruttinainagar, made by
the chief, in order to meet the expenses of offerings, unguents, lamps,
festivals, etc., in the temple of Tiruttinainagar-Udaiyar.
No.
222.
(A. R. No. 54 of 1930-31).
Tirukkodikaval,
Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.
ON
the east wall (outside) of the first prakara in the Tirukkodisvara temple.
This inscription, also
dated in the 22nd year, registers a remission deed (iraimuraipraman-isaivu-tittu)
given by the devakanmis of the temple at Tirukkodika in Nallarrur-nadu,
a subdivision of Virudarajabhayankara-valanadu, to Manuvurudaiyar Varantarum
Kuttapperumal residing at Gangaikondasolapuram. The latter set up the image of
Tirupperundurai-Aludaiyar in the temple and presented 200 kuli of
tax-free land and 150 kasu for expenses to the temple authorities.
The date of the record,
according t the details given, is A.D. 1264, October 9, Thursday, the month
being Tula, which is damaged in the inscription.
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No.
223.
(A. R. No. 192 of 1927-28).
Tiruvalanjuli,
KUmbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.
ON
the base of the east wall of the mandapa
in front of the central shrine in the Kapardisvara temple.
A gift of land and
house-sites in Padakkai Korrangudi alias Kulotltungasolanallur, lhamlet
of Akhilanayaka-chaturvedimangalam, made by Somasivan of Gomadam
to the temple of Tiruvalanjuli-Udaiyar is recorded in this inscription of the 24th
year. The village Korrangudi may be identified with one of the three
villages of the same name in the Kumbakonam taluk.
It may be pointed out
here that this and the next record come from Tiruvalanjuli in the interior of
the Tanjore district where inscriptions of Kopperunjingadeva are rarely found.
The details given for
calculating the date of this inscription are not regular.
No.
224.
(A. R. No. 194 of 1927-28).
On
the base of the north wall of the same mandapa.
This record of the 24th
year, like No. 199 above from Pallavarayanpettai, deals with defaulters in
payment of land revenue. It states that Tirunattamadi-Bhattan of Gomadam
held lands at Korrangudi alias Kulottungasolanallur. Evidently after his
death, the payment of taxes on this land, which fell into arrears, devolved
upon his two sons Yajna-Bhattan and Sundarattodu-udaiyan and his wife
Vanduva[r] kulalichchani. Since there was nobody to stand surety for them, they
agreed to pay up the arrears by raising a loan from the treasury of Tiruvalanjuli-udaiya-Nayanar
and Vellaippilaiyar and from the Malaiyalar of Malai-mandalam who seem
to have established a settlement here from the West Coast. They paid only a
portion of the dues, but being unable to pay the balance, left the village. The
duty of collecting the arrears fell on the assembly of Akhilanayakachcheri, a devadana
in Akhilanayaka-chaturvedimangalam, who, to clear the debts and realize the
amount due, sold their lands and house-sites, with the sanction of the royal
officer Vattarayar, as tirunamattukkani to the temple of
Tiruvalanjuli-Udaiyar.
The duty of collecting
arrears in land revenue invariably fell on the assembly, who, in such cases,
had to apply to the king for permission to confiscate lands. A record of
Rajaraja I[16] states
that the period of default should be at least two full years to justify such a
step.
According to the details
given, the date of this inscription is A.D. 1266, August 9, Monday, the
nakshatra being Anuradha, not Uttiradam as cited in the record.
The territorial division
Uyyakkondar-valanadu is stated to be situated between the rivers Arisil and
Kaveri, in an inscription from Tanjore.[17]
No.
225.
(A. R. No. 180 of 1929-30).
Kunnattur,
Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chingleput District.
On
the south wall of the central shrine in the Kandalisvara temple.
This inscription is
dated in the 24 year and it states that two Sivabrahmanas of the temple
of Kandanisvaramudaiya-Nayanar agreed to maintain a perpetual lamp in the
temple with the money endowed by their maternal aunt.
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