|
Pallva
Inscriptions
Nos.126
to 150
No.
126.
(A. R. No. 182 of 1919).
Tribhuvani,
Pondicherry, French India.
On
the south wall of the Varadaraja-perumal temple.
This inscription records
in Tamil and Sanskrit the benefactions of the chief Sakalabhuvanachakravartti
Kadavan Avanialappirandan Kopperunjinga.
He is called Bhupalanodbhava[1]
Kathakavamsa-mauktika-mani and
the conqueror of the Andhra and the Krnata kings. The record states that the chief constructed a temple for Heramba
Ganapati on the banks of the tank at Tribhuvanamadevi and that he repaired the
embankments, sluices and irrigation channels of the tank, which had breached in
several places.
Since the inscription
refers to the conquest of the Chola (country), Madhyamamahi (i.e., Nadu-nadu)
and Tundiradesa (i.e., Tondai-mandalam) by the chief, he may be identified with
Kopperujinga I.
Heramba-Ganapati is
generally represented with five elephant heads, 10 arms and as riding on a
lion. [An early sculpture of this deity
is found in a rock-cut temple at Tirupparankunram near Madura â Ed.]
No.
127.
(A. R. No. 178 of 1921).
Morijona,
near Rangampettai, Gudiyattam Taluk, North Arcot District.
On
a rock to the south of the village.
This inscription
consists of a single Tamil verse in the Kattalaikkalitturai metre
praising Pallavandar alias Virarviran-Kadavarayar, âwho
conquered Tondai-mandalamâ and who was the son of Kudal-Alappirandar. The same verse is also found as the third
verse in the Atti record of Pallavandar alias Kadavarayar (No. 125
above) and thus establishes that both the Atti and Morijona inscriptions belong
to the same chief.
No.
128.
(A. R. No. 418 of 1922).
Vailur,
Wandiwash Taluk, North Arcot District.
On
a rock above a natural reservoir to the south of the village.
This inscription
consists of 5 Tamil verses addressed to Sakalabhuvanachakravarttin
Kopperunjingadeva, surnamed Alagiyasiyan who is said, in the
preliminary prose passage, to have defeated the Chola king at Tellaru
and to have taken possession of his country after depriving his adversary of
all his royal insignia and imprisoning him with his ministers. In the body of the record, Kopperunjingadeva
is called Avaninarayana, patron of Tamil, Kadava, Tondaimannavan, Nripatunga,
Tribhuvanatti-Rajakkal-Tambiran, Mallaivendan, etc. The verses extol his prowess, fame, victory
over the Cholas, Pandyas and the Kannadas and his abiding devotion to the god
at Chidambaram.
Tellaru may be
identified with the village of the same name in the Wandiwash taluk of the
North Arcot district. In one record[2],
this village is included in Simhaporuda-valanadu (i.e.,) the Valanadu where
Simha, probably Kopperunjinga, fought.
Published in Epigraphia
Indica, Vol. XXIII, pp. 180-81.
No.
129.
(A. R. No. 229 of 1925).
Akkur,
Mayavaram Taluk, Tanjore District.
On
the east side of the base of the mandapa in front of the Tanto Risvara temple.
This inscription states
that Kopperunjingadeva who is called Alagiya-Pallavar alias Virapratapar,
after imprisoning the Hoysalas and levying tribute from the Pandyas, proceeded
to the Chola country along the southern bank of the Kaveri. Proceeding due east, he worshipped at all
the sacred shrines, repaired temples and remitted all the taxes on temple
lands. While camping during this march
at a village, probably Akkur itself, in Jayangondasola-valanadu, he found that
the tenants had âmigrated as far as the Gangesâ leaving the lands waste. Sympathising with their position, he remitted
the arrears of taxes due from them, restored their original holdings and
invited the emigrants to settle on their original lands.
The present inscription
is probably connected with No. 124 above. Since the defeat of the Hoysalas is also referred to here, this record
may be assigned to Kopperunjinga 1. The
defeat on the Pandyas claimed in this record could not have taken place after
the accession of the powerful Pandya sovereign Jatavarman Sundara-Pandya I in
A.D. 1251.
It may be pointed out
here that Kopperunjingaâs fortifications built on the north bank of the river
Kaveri against his enemies the Hoysalas are referred to in a record from
Tiruvenkadu.[3]
|
No.
130.
(A. R. No. 187 of 1932-33).
Tirukkalukkunram,
Chingleput Taluk and District.
In
the Gopura (right side) leading to the second prakara of the
Bhaktavatsalaesvara temple.
This is a fragmentary
verse inscription identical with the first verse in No. 125 above from Atti in
praise of Pallavandar alias Kadavarayar, (the son of) Elisaimogan
Alappirandan of Kudal.
KOPPERUNJINGADEVA
II.
No.
131.
(A. R. No. 69 of 1918).
Vriddhachalam,
Vriddhachalam Taluk, South Arcot District.
In
the second gopura (right of entrance) of the Vriddhagirisvara temple.
This inscription records
a provision made in the 2nd year of Sakalabhuvanachchakravarttigal
Kopperunjingadeva for burning a perpetual lamp before the god at
Tirumudukunram in Paruvur-kurram, a subdivision of Merka-nadu
Irungolappadi-nadu situated in Virudarajabhayankara-valanadu, by Adaippu
Tirukkarturai-Udaiyan Kunramuttaraiyan, son of Nerkuppai-Nadalvan
Gunamudaiyan, one of the Pallis having the hereditary right of watchman ship
in the temple.
The initial date of this
chief is fixed in A.D. 1243[4]
by a record from Conjeeveram[5],
which equates the Saka year 1182 (A.D. 1260) with his 18th
year. The astronomical details given in
the record correspond to A.D. 1244, November 13, Sunday. The chief may, therefore, be identified with Kopperunjingadeva II.
|
No.
132.
(A. R. No. 411 of 1918).
Tiruppangur,
Shiyali Taluk, Tanjore District.
On
the east wall of the first prakara in Sivalokanathasvamin temple.
The subjoined record is
also dated in the 2nd year of Sakalabhuvanachakravartin
Kopperunjingadeva. It registers a
gift of land, after purchase, from a certain Aravamudu-Bhattan by Siyarurdevan
Adichchadevan of Kuruchchi in Kiliyur-nadu, a subdivision of
Pandikulasani-valanadu for the early morning service, sacred bath on Saturdays,
unguents, garlands and offerings to the god Sivalokamudaiya-Nayanar at
Tiruppungur in Tiruvali-nadu, a subdivision of Rajadhiraja-valanadu.
The astronomical details
given in the record correspond to A.D. 1245, February 16, Thursday, with the
emendation ba. 4 for ba. 14.
No.
133.
(A. R. No. 409 of 1921).
Tiruvadi,
Cuddalore Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the inner wall of the second gopura (right of entrance) in the
Tiruvirattanesvara temple.
This record is also
dated in the 2nd year of the chief. It registers a gift of 32 cows and a bull by Korraman Malaiyan
Palandiyarayan of Palaiyur alias Rajendrasolanallur in Palaiyur-nadu, a
subdivision of Urrukkattur-kottam, which was a district in
Jayangondasola-valanadu, for burning a perpetual lamp in the temple of
Tiruvirattanamudaiya-Nayanar at Tiruvadigai.
The village Palaiyur may
be identified with Palur in the Chingleput taluk.
No.
134.
(A. R. No. 62 of 1919).
Munnur,
Tindivanam Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the east wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the Adavallesvara
temple.
In this record which is
dated in the 3rd year, Alagiyapallavan Virarayan alias Kachchiyarayan confirms the
gifts of the devadana villages
and lands granted as madappuram, by Aiyyadevar, for worship and repairs,
to the temple of Adavalla-Nayanar at Munnur alias
Rajanarayana-chaturvedimangalam.
Aiyyadevar mentioned
here seems to refer to Kopperunjingaâs father Manavalapperumal, also known as
Alagiyapallavan alias Kadavarayan and mentioned in a record from the
same village[6] dated
in the 33rd year of Tribhuvanaviradeva.
Alagiyapallavan
Virarayan alias Kachchiyarayan was probably an officer under Kopperunjinga,
if not the latterâs brother. His name
suggests that he was the son of Alagiyapallavan i.e., Kopperunjingadeva (I).
|
>
|
|
No.
135.
(A. R. No. 488 of 1921).
Tiruvennainallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the west wall of the central shrine in the Vaikuntha Perumal temple.
A grant of 475 kuli of garden land is recorded in this
inscription, dated in the 3rd year, by Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyan
Sundarapandya-Brahmarayan of Solakulantaka-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya
in Paganur-kurram, a subdivision of Pandimandalam, for offerings to the god
Vaikunthatt-Emberuman at Tiruvennainallur, a brahmadeya in
Tirumunaippadi Tiruvennainallur-nadu in Rajaraja-valanadu, on the 7th
day of the festival in the months of Ani (May-June) and Purattadi (August â
September).
The village
Solakulantaka-chaturvedimangalam is evidently called so after the surname Solantaka[7] or Solakulantaka of the early Pandya king Vira-Pandya or Jatavarman
Srivallabha (Ep. Rep. For 1910
para. 31). This village may be
identified with Tenkarai in Nilakkottai taluk of the Madura district.
The inscription mentions
also a grain measure called Adigainayakan-marakkal, probably named after
the deity at Tiruvadigai.
The astronomical details
cited in the record are not regular.
No.
136.
(A. R. No. 53 of 1930-31).
Tirukkodikaval,
Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District.
On
the east wall of the first prakara (outside) of the tirukkodisvara temple.
This inscription, dated
in the 3rd year, registers a gift of 1 ½ ma of land as tirunamattukkani to the
god at Tirukkodika in Nallarrur-nadu, a subdivision of
Virudarajabhayankara-valanadu by Pakkamudiayan Panchan Udaiyapillai of
Ilamangalam in Jayangondasola-mandalam alias Singapura-nadu, after
purchasing it from Kautsan Tribhuvanasundaran Dekkanamutti-Bhattan who had the Saivacharya-right
in the temple and his younger brother Karpagar alias
Tribhuvanasundara-Bhattan.
The details of the date
given in the inscription correspond to A.D. 1244, May 17, Tuesday, which,
however, did not fall in the 3rd year of the chief. The details are also regular for A.D. 1234,
May 9, Tuesday, which would fall in the reign of the elder chief.
No.
137.
(A. R. No. 113 of 1934-35).
Arakandanallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the south wall of the Mandapa in front of the central shrine in the
Oppilamanisvara temple.
This inscription of the 3rd
year registers the gift of the
village Sembiyanmadevi in Meykunra-nadu âon the southern bank of the Pennaiâ,
in his nadu, by Cholatungap-Pallavaraiyan Sripaladevan Marundalvarnayan alias Rajaraja-Sripalan of Perayil
who had his parru in
Kannudainallur, for early morning service, worship, offerings, lamps etc., in
the temple of Opporuvarumillada-Nayanar at Tiruvaraiyaninallur.
The details of date
given in the inscription correspond to A.D. 1246, March 9, Friday.
No.
138.
(A. R. No. 221 of 1934-35).
Kotta-Marudur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
a rock near Tandarikkarai.
In this record, also the 3rd year, the chief is called Alagiya-Pallavan
Kopperunjingadeva, i.e., Kopperunjingadeva, son of Alagiya-Pallavan. The inscription states that the tank called
âPutteriâ in Mudigondasolach-chaturvedimangalam was the gift of Nachchiyandar,
wife of Nattupperumal and mother of Akalanka-Nadalvan.
|
>
|
|
No.
139.
(A. R. No. 228 of 1904).
Singavaram,
Gingee Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the left wing-stone at the entrance into the central shrine in the Ranganatha
temple.
The title âAvanialappirandanâ
is added in the present inscription dated in the 4th year, to
the name Sakalabhuvanachakravarttigal Kopperunjinga. The inscription registers a gift of 30 cows
for a perpetual lamp in the temple of Tiruppanrikunru-Emberuman by
Ilaiyaperumal Vattarayar son of Tavancheydan Vattarayan of Karuvili.
The astronomical details
given in the record correspond to A.D. 1246, August 26, Sunday; .53 ; the
nakshatra Tiruvonam had, however, ended the previous day and âSravishthaâ was
current till .75 on this day.
No.
140.
(A. R. No. 449 of 1921).
Tiruvennainallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the west wall of the gopura in the Krispapurisvara temple.
This inscription, dated
in the 4th year, records the gift of a cow to the temple of
Atkondadeva at Tiruvennainallur, a brahmadeya in Tirumunaippadi
Tiruvennainallur-nadu, a subdivision of Rajraja-valanadu, by Suppiramanniyan,
son of Tirumalapadi, an agambadiyar living at Arasur. Arasur may be identified with the village of
the same name in the Tirukkoyilur taluk.
According to the
astronomical details given, the date of the record is A.D. 1247, January 19,
Saturday.
No.
141.
(A. R. No. 35 of 1922).
Tiruvamattur,
Villupuram Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the kitchen in the Abhiramesvara temple.
This inscription is also
dated in the 4th year and it records a gift of 4 ma of
land at Avviyur in Jananatha-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya village in
Panaiyur-nadu Mavalur-nadu, a subdivision of Rajraja-valanadu, by Udaiyar
Aniyan Muvendaraiyan for the maintenance of the matha called âAndar
Pichchar Piraisudi Andar-tirumatha alias Tiruvedam Alagiyan-tirumathaâ
which was situated to the north of the temple of Atkondadevar at
Tiruvennainallur.
The village Avviyur may
b identified with Aviyur in the Gingee taluk of the South Arcot district.
No.
142.
(A. R. No. 51 of 1922).
On
the west wall of the second prakara of the same temple.
The title âAvaniyalappirandaâ
is also found in the present record dated in the 4th year. It states that Aniyan Muvendaraiyan
from whom Kunrameduttan Vanadhirajan had purchased lands in Kulattur alias
Solaganganallur, Korravilli and Tennavamahadevi, for providing worship and
offerings to the god Subrahmanya-Pillaiyar set up in the temple of
Alagiya-Nayanar at Tiruvamattur by Udaiyan Vairadhirajan, remitted certain
taxes such as padi-kaval, kasayam etc., for the welfare of Kopperunjinga
(devar).
Kulattur and
Tennavamahadevi may be identified with the villages of the same name in the
Villupuram taluk. Korravilli seems to
have changed its name and is not easily identifiable.
No.
143.
(A. R. No. 52 of 1922).
On
the same wall.
This inscription is
engraved in continuation of the previous number and so must be taken as a
record of Kopperunjingadeva, incised in the same 4th year. It records a gift of 5 ma of land,
made tax-free, as tiruvilakkuppuram for lights in the temple of [Subrahmanya]-Pillaiyar and in the matha
of Andar Tiruvunayakan-matha, by Alagiyasiyan Muvendarayan, son of Aniyan
Muvendaraiyan mentioned in the previous inscription.
No.
144.
(A. R. No. 97 of 1934-35).
Vriddhachalam,
Vriddhachalam Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the kitchen in the Vriddhagirisvara temple.
This inscription, dated
in the 4th year, registers a gift of 96 sheep by Alappirandan-kon
suttalvan for burning a sacred perpetual lamp before the god at
Tirumudukunram in Paruvur-kurram, a subdivision of Merka-nadu Irungolappadi in
Virudarajabhayankara-valanaldu.
The astronomical details
given point to A.D. 1247, August 26, Monday (Not Sunday) as the date of the
record.
No.
145.
(A. R. No. 114 of 1934-35).
Arakandanallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the west wall of the Mandapa in front of the central shrine in the
Oppilamanisvara temple.
This record of the 4th
year registers the gift of a vessel (kalasappanai) for the sacred
bath of the god, by Nallarkunallan Kuttan, a Kaikkola of Tirukkovalur.
No.
146.
(A. R. No. 164 of 1918).
Brahmadesam,
Villupuram Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the south wall of the verandah of the first prakara in the Brahmapurisvara
temple.
This inscription of the 5th
year records the gift of 33 cattle including cows, calves and a bull by
Nilagangan Ammurikundan Solangadevan of Amur for burning a perpetual lamp in
the temple of Brahmisvaramudaiya-Nayanar at Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam, an
independent brahmadeya village in Panaiyur-nadu, a subdivision of Rajraja-valanaldu. It will be evident from this record that
Brahmadesam was surnamed Rajaraja-chaturvedimangalam.
No.
147.
(A. R. No. 323 of 1921).
Tirukkoyilur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the second prakara in the Trivikrama-Perumal temple.
It is stated in this
record of Sakalabhuvanachakravarttin Avanialappirandan alias Kopperunjingadeva,
dated in the 5th year, that the kaniyalar of the
temple of Tiruvidaikali-Emberuman at Tirukkovalur agreed to burn a twilight
lamp in the temple in return for six cows received by them from certain
shepherds residing at Melaip-Panippakkam in Idaiyarru-nadu, a subdivision of
Tirumunaippadi.
For the cows received
the kaniyalar undertook to supply, by the ulagalandannali, 1
nali and 1 uri of ghee monthly to the temple.
The astronomical details
given in the record correspond to A.D. 1247, December 29, Sunday.
|
>
|
|
No.
148.
(A. R. No. 530 of 1922).
Tirukkannapuram,
Nannilam Taluk, Tanjore District.
On
the east wall of the second prakara in the Sauriraja-Perumal temple.
This is an incomplete
record of Perunjingadeva dated in the 5th year and is called
a mulasadhanam[8] of
the chief. It records a sale of land in
Sembiyan Kurudaiyadi, situated in Panaiyur-nadu, a subdivision of
Kulottungasola-valanadu to Udaiyan Tirunanasambandan Alagiyan
Rajadivakara-Muvendiravelan of Viliyur in Avur-kurram, a subdivision of
Nittavnoda-valanadu by Araiyan Purridankondan Devapprumal, the headman
of Kurudaiyadi in Tanjavur-kurram, a subdivision of
Pandikulasani-valanadu. As the record
is incomplete further details as to the purpose of the transaction are not
clear.
The details of date
given in the inscription are not regular.
No.
149.
(A. R. No. 296 of 1913).
Chidambaram,
Chidambaram Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the north wall of the third prakara in the Nataraja temple.
This inscription gives
an insight into the management of the temple affairs. It is dated in the 6th year of Sakalabhuvanachakravartti
Avaniyalappirandar alias
Kopperunjingadeva. The temple at Chidambaram was at this time managed by a
committee consisting of the following members and groups, viz.,
Jayatungap-Pallavaraiyar, Tillaiambalap-Pallavaraiyar, Mahesvara-kankaniseyvar,
Srikaryanseyvar, Samudayancheyvar, Koyilanayakancheyar, Tirumaligaikkuruseyvar
and the accountants.
It registers a grant of
land made by Sottai-Nayaka alias Kumara-Bhatta of Irayur residing in
Ponmeyndasola-chaturvedimangalam for a flower garden called âTirunilai-Alagiyaâ
for supplying flowers to the god and the goddess Tirukkamakkottamudaiya
Periyanachchiyar with an additional plot by purchase from Ponnandi, wife of
Ulaichchanan Madevan Tiruchchirrambalamudaiyan of Perumbarrappuliyur, as tirunamattukkani,
for the maintenance of the person looking after this garden.
The village ponmeyndasola-chaturvedimangalam
must have been so named after the title of Kulottunga-Chola II.[9] The inscription purports to be an order of
Solakon.
No.
150.
(A.R. No. 448 of 1921).
Tiruvennainallur,
Tirukkoyilur Taluk, South Arcot District.
On
the south wall of the mandapa in front of the central shrine in the
Kripapurisvara temple.
This inscription, dated
in the 6th year, states that a bell, incense brazier,
chain-lamp and a plate (for waving light) made by converting a small copper
pot, were presented to the god Atkondadeva at Tiruvennainallur by Tirumalaiy-Alagiyan alias Viragalviran-Pallavaraiyan,[10]
son of Araudaiyar, a devaradiyar of the temple.
[1] This surname is also assumed by
Nilagangaraiyar, an officer under Kopperunjinga (A.R. No. 41 of 1893 and Ep. Ind. Vol. VII, p. 166).
[2] A. R. No. 382 of 1925.
[3]
A. R . No. 514 of 1918.
[4] Ep. Ind. Vol. VII, p. 165.
[5] A. R. No. 38 of 1890.
[6] A. R. No. 63 of 1919.
[7] Ep. Rep. For 1915, page 101.
[8] Compare such terms as sadhanam, olai,
tirumandira-olai, niyogam, tirumugam or srimukha tittu and sattimugam
used in inscriptions.
Home Page
|
| |
