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BOMBAY
KARNATAKA INSCRIPTIONS
VOLUME
III
The
Kalachuryas
There
area a few noteworthy inscriptions of the Kalachuryas who usurped
the Chalukya throne for a short time.
One of them (No. 176) is rather intriguing has much as it would
seem to fix the initial year of the reign of Bijjala in A.D. 1150
though according to all other records which reckon his regnal years,
the first year of his reign has been held to be A.D. 1156-57.
In this record the date is given as follows: First year of the
reign of Vira-Tribhuvanamalla Bijjala, Pramadicha, the full-moon day of
the month of Sravana, Thursday. But
the cyclic year Pramadicha coincided with A.D. 1133 by which time
Bijjala could not have come to power, for the earliest date known for
him even as a subordinate of the Chalukyas is A.D. 1142[1].
The details of the date also do not work out correctly for this
cyclic year. On the other
hand, if the cyclic year Pramadicha is regarded as a mistake for
Pramoduta (Pramoda) the given details
would correspond regularly to A.D. 1150, August 10, Thursday.
If this was the intended date, Bijjala should be considered to
have been independent on this date and as this year is cited as the
first year of his reign, it follows that he usurped the Chalukya throne
before this date. But, as
stated above, he seems to have counted his regnal years from A.D.
1156-57 in which year he is believed to have thrown off the yoke of
Chalukya subordination. We
have however no means of verifying the statement of the present record.
Another
inscription (No. 180) declared that he was on the throne in A.D. 1168.
However, as remarked by Fleet, Bijjala should have abducted the
throne in favor of his son Sovideva in A.D. 1167.
But as indicated by the Balagamve inscription as well as the
present one he should have continued to take an active part in the
governance of the country even after abdication.
This view is further corroborated by an inscription (No. 186) of
the time of Sovideva himself wherein Bijjala is spoken of as being
engaged in putting down the insurgents.
Before
Bijjalaâs son Sovideva ascended the throne, Mailugi and Karna
ruled for a short while. According
to one of the records under publication (No. 296) this Karna was the
grandson of Mailugi and Karnaâs uncle (kiriyayya i.e., younger
paternal uncle) was Soma, i.e., Sovideva is given as Kandaradeva
andKalideva; and while Sovideva is stated to be the paternal uncle (anu-tata)
of Kandara who was the grandson of Bijjala, Kalideva is termed the
grandson of Mailugi, who was the younger brother of Bijjala.
It would therefore appear that Karna, Kandaradeva and Kalideva
are identical. But the
apparent discrepancy in Kandaradeva being called the grandson of Bijjala,
and Karna or Kalideva being called the grandson of Mailugi, the younger
brother of Bijjala, can easily be explained, for its is a common Hindu
practice to call a brotherâs son as âsonâ and the brotherâs
grandson as âgrandsonâ. It
cannot be definitely said, however, whether Karna was actually the
grandson of Mailugi or Bijjala.
No.
176
(B.K.
No. 176 of 1933-34)
Kannur,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
in Pattadadevara Hirematha
Bijjala
â A.D. 1150
This
inscription is dated in the 1st year of the reign of Tribhuvanamalla
Bijjaladeva, Pramadicha, Sravana su. Purnima, Thursday.
This cyclic year Pramadicha which coincided with A.D.
1133, takers the beginning of Bijjalaâs reign to as early a date as
A.D. 1133. But we have no
other evidence to corroborate this.
So it is likely that Pramadicha is a mistake for Pramoduta
which coincided with A.D. 1150.
In that year the details correspond regularly to A.D.
1150, August 10, Thursday.
It
states that Kundaya and others made a gift of land to god Svayambhu
Chandesvaradeva. Mention
is made of Masaneya-Sahani.
No.
177
(B.K.
No. 10 of 1932-33)
Devageri,
Haveri Taluk, Dharwar District
Broken
slab built into the tirtha-kunda in the temple of Yellamma
Bijjala
â A.D. 1160
This
is damaged inscription refers itself to the reign of Tribhuvanaikavira
Bijjanadeva and is dated in 1082 (apparently of the Sake
era), Vikrama, Chaitra su 1, Monday, Uttarayana-samkranti.
The date is irregular. The
tithi corresponds to A.D. 1160, March 10, Thursday, not
Monday as stated in the record and there was no Uttatrayana samkranti
on that day.
No.
178
(B.K.
No. 175 of 1933-34)
Kannur,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
in the Pattadadevara Hirematha
Bijjala
â A.D. 1163
This
inscription is dated in the 7th regnal year of
Tribhuvanamalla Bij[I]aladeva, Subhanu, Pushya su.[8], Monday, solar
eclipse. Evidently the
date is wrong.
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There
was however a lunar eclipse on Pushya Purnima of the year Subhanu
corresponding to A.D. 1163. December
12, Thursday. This
probably is the date intended.
It
records a grant of land to the god Svayambhu-Chandesvaradeva of Kamnavuri
made with the permission of the king, by Maduvana-Nayaka, the
Sarvadhikari of Pasayitu Kundaya-Nayaka, and by a
certain Maila-gavunda. Another
grant made to god Narayanadeva is also recorded.
No.
179
(B.K.
No. 171 of 1932-33)
Sangur,
Haveri Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
in the temple of Virabhadra.
Bijjala
â A.D. 1167
This
inscription referring itself to the reign of Tribhuvanaikavira Bijja is
dated in Saka 1089, Sarvajit, Vaisakha su. 10, Uttarayana-samkramana.
The week-day is lost. In
Saka 1089, Sarvajit, Vaisakha su. 10 fell on Sunday,
April 30, A.D. 1167. There war however no Samkramana on that day.
It
records the gift of land made by Mahapradhana Heggade Bammarasa
to god Brahmesvara, installed by hi, when Kaliyammarasa of the Jimutavahana
lineage and Khachara family was administering Basavur
Hundred-and-forty. Bammarasa
is stated to be governing Banavase Twelve-thousand.
It also records gift made by the officer (name lost) who was
in charge of herjjunka and vaddaravula.
The gift was entrusted to Brahmarishi-Pandita, son of Kalideva-Pandita.
The genealogies of
Bammarasa and Kaliyammarasa are given. The inscription is much damaged.
No.
180
(B.K.
No. 58 of 1934-35)
Nadiharalhalli,
Ranebennur Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
set up in the temple of Somesvara
Bijjala
â A.D. 1168
This
worn out inscription refers itself to the reign of Vira-Bijjanadeva, and
is dated in Saka 1090, Sarvadhari, Chaitra Purnima, Monday, lunar
eclipse corresponding regularly to A.D.
1168, March 25, Monday.
It
registers a grant of land made by Arasi-gavundi and Naga-gavunda
to the Jinalaya constructed by the latter at Gottagadi.
The gift was made for feeding the Jaina monks and nuns.
The genealogy of Naga-gavunda is given.
A supplementary grant of money for burning a perpetual lamp to
the god, made by Nagandeva is also recorded.
Vasupujiya-munindra of the Mula-samgha, Surashtha-gana and
Chitrakutanvya and Ravanandi-munindra, probably his
disciple, are also mentioned.
No.
181
(B.K.
No. 184 of 1933-34)
Nidoni,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
built into the east wall of the Hanumantadeva temple
Sovideva
A.D. â 1170
This
inscription, referring itself to the reign of Rayamurari Soyideva, is
dated in the 4th year of his reign, Vikrita, Ashdha
su. 11, Friday, Dakshinayana-samkramana, corresponding to A.D.,
1170 June 26, Friday. The
samkranti however fell on the following Saturday.
The king is stated to be ruling from his capital Modiganur.
It
states that a certain Brahmin named Virana reconstructed the
temples of Surya and Gavaresvara at Niduvani which
is called uttammad-agrahara. It
records a gift of money made by Bandhudeva, son of Piriya
Sovarasa, for the recitation of Sauparnma in the shrine of Somanathadeva.
The coins Lokhi-priyasrahi-gadyana and Lokkiya-visa
are mentioned.
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No.
182
(B.K.
No. 156 of 1933-34)
Bijapur,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
(A.34, left side) in the Museum
Sovideva-A.D.
1170
This
short inscription is dated in the 4th year of the reign
of Rayamurari Soyideva, Vikrita, Ashadha, Amavasya, Wednesday
corresponding regularly to A.D. 1170 July 15, Wednesday.
It states that Mahamandalesvara Chaudarsa, the Manneya
of Tardavadi made a gift of land to the school at Pauthage (modern
Salotgi).
No.
183
(B.K.
No. 59 of 1934-35)
Nadiharalhalli
Ranebennur Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
set up in the temple of Somesvara
Sovideva
â A.D. 1172
This
inscription referring itself to the reign of Rayamurari Sovideva
is dated in Saka 109[5], Nandana, Sravana su. Thursday, Samkranti. The tithi is not given. The Saka year given is the current year.
In suddha-paksha of Sravana in the year Nandana corresponding
to A.D. 1172, Thursday occurred twice, once on July 27th
on which day the tithi was 5, and again on 3rd
August on which day the tithi 13 ended at .71.
But since the Simha-samkramana occurred on the 27th
July at .60, the former seems to be the intended date.
It
states that when Mahapradhana Kesimayya-Dandanayaka was
governing banavase Twelve-thousand, Davarasa, the Sunkavergade
of Nariyalige and Nurumbada, Sumkavergade
Bannadeva
No.
184
(B.K.
No. 160 of 1933-34)
Bijapur,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
(A.35) in the Museum
Sovideva
â A.D. 1173
This
inscription refers itself to the reign of
Rayamuraru Bhujabala nall Somesvara, ruling from Mangalavada
and is dated in Vijaya . . . . .
bahula [Amavasya], Monday, solar eclipse.
The Saka year is lost. During the reign of
Somesvara, the cyclic year Vjiya coincided with A.D. 1173 and
the solar eclipse, the only one in that year occurred on June 12,
Tuesday. This,
probably, is the intended date. The
week-day, cited seems to be a mistake for Tuesday.
It
records that when Mahamandalesvara Lakheyadeva was
governing Tardavadi, Ghateyama-Sahani made a grant of land to the
god Mulasthanadeva
of Tamba.
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No.
185
(B.K.
No. 161 of 1933-34)
Bijapur,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
(A-38 right side) in the Museum
Sovideva
â A.D. 1173
This
inscription is dated in the [7th] regnal year
of Rayamurari Somesvara, Vijaya, Pushya ba. 4, Tuesday,
Uttarayana-samkramana, corresponding regularly to A.D. 1173,
December 25, Tuesday. It records a grant of land and house sites
made by ghateyama-Sahani to Sridharabhatta and others as
the brahmapuri of Mulasthanadeva.
No.
186
(B.K.
No. 79 of 1932-33)
Haveri,
Haveri Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
set up in the temple of Purada Siddhesvara
Sovideva
(Undated)
This
badly damaged record refers to Rayamurari Somesvara and registers
some gifts for the worship of god Siddhesa made by Mayiyana-Chamupati. It mentions. Siddhapayya-Dandanayaka,
a subordinate of the king.
A
reference has also been made to Bijjana as vanquishing the
enemies.
No.
187
(B.K.
No. 120 of 1933-34)
Babanagar,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
lying in the ruined temple of Siva
Sovideva
(Date lost)
This
worn out inscription seems to be a composite record of two grants for a Jinalaya
built at Kannadige. The
first grant made by Bijjala is dated in Saka 1083, Vikrama,
Pu[shya]. The Saka
year cited is the current year. The
details preserved correspond to A.D. 1160, November-December.
A certain Jaina priest (name lost) of Mangaladeva, belonging
to Mula-samgha and Desi-gana is mentioned.
The date of the second grant which was made by Somesvara (i.e.
Sovideva) is lost except Pushya ba. 13, Sunday,
Uttarayna-[samkramana]. Modeganuru
is mentioned as the capital. The
(coin called) Lokkiya-visa is also mentioned.
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No.
188
(B.K.
No. 120 of 1933-34)
Babanagar,
Bijapur Taluk, Bijapur District
Slab
lying in the ruined temple of Siva
Sovideva
(Undated)
This
inscription referring itself to the reign of Rayamurari Sovideva
registers a gift f land made by
Kesiraja, the subordinate of Garuda-Pandyadeva, to a tank
called Gangasamudra. The
gift was made in the presence of Sandhivigrahi Sovarasa
and other pradhanas. It
also registers the grant of land made to god Virupakshadeva of lttige
by Garuda-Pandyadeva, who is referred to as Banavasa-puravar-adhisvara
and is stated to be governing Nurumbada from his capital Rattapalli.
No.
189
(B.K.
No. 55 of 1934-35)
Mudennur,
Ranebennur Taluk, Dharwar District
Hero-stone
near Muchukundesvara temple
Sankama
(1180 A.D ?)
This
inscription which is very badly damaged is dated in the 13th
year of Nissanikamalla Samkamadeva, Sarvari, Ashadha su. Hadiva,
Sunday. There appears
to be a serious error in the date.
So far as is known at present the initial year of the reign of
Nissankamalla is A.D. 1177 and he did not rule for 13 years.
During his reign the cyclic year Sarvari occurred in A.D.
1180. But for that year
too, the details do not work our correctly.
There were two Ashadhas in the year and su. 1 of neither
fell on Sunday.
It
records a grant of land, house and toll-income to Kuribara Kunteya-Nayaka
whop probably died in fight.
No.
190
(B.K.
No. 106 of 1933-34)
Maidur,
Ranebennur Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
learning against the front wall of the temple of Kallesvara
Ahavamalla
â A.D. 1182
This
inscription, referring itself to the reign of Ahavamalladeva, is
dated is Saka 1104, Subhakrit, Margasira su. Purnima, Thursday, lunar
eclipse, Uttarayana-samkramana. This
date is irregular. The tithi
corresponds to A.D. 1182, November 12, Friday but there was no eclipse
on that day, nor was there any samkramana.
It may be noted however that in the next month, i.e, Pushya
there was a lunar eclipse on December 11, Saturday.
It
records a grant of land made for the worship and offerings to god Kalideva
of Mulasthana by Kumara Vira-Vikramadityadeva (apparently
Vikramaditya II of the Gutta family), Susanga-Dandanayaka and
other residents of Gudigeri.
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No.
191
(B.K.
No. 99 of 1933-34)
Hulihalli,
Ranebennur Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
lying against the front wall of the temple of Ramalinga
Ahavamalla
â A.D. 1182
This
inscription referring itself to the reign of Ahvamalladeva is
dated in Saka 1104, Subhakrit,margasira su. Purnima, Monday, Lunar
eclipse. The details
are irregular. In the
cyclic year cited, Purnima in
the month of Margasira did not fall on Monday nor was there any
lunar eclipse on that day. The
tithi corresponds to A.D.
1182 November 12, Friday.
It
gives the genealogy of the Gutta chief Vikramaditya II and
states that Nalprabhu Keta-gavunda made a grant of land to
Kalyanasakti-Pandita, for offerings etc., to god Ramesvara.
The genealogy of Keta-gavunda is also given.
As in No. 192, here also Vikramaditya It is called the son of
Joyideva II. Ulihalli (modern Hulihalli) is praised.
No.
192
(B.K.
No. 85 of 1933-34)
Gundadanveri,
Ranebennur Taluk, Dharwar District
Slab
set up in front of the temple of Kallesvara
Ahavamalla
â A.D. 1183
This
inscription referring itself to the reign of Ahvammallaeva is
stated in Saka 110[4], Subhakrit, Margasira su. Purnima, Thursday,
lunar eclipse, Uttarayana-samkramana In Margasira of
Subhakirt there was no lunar eclipse, but in Sobhakrit thee
was one which fell on Thursday. Subhakrit
cited in the record seems to be a mistake for Subhakrit.
In that these the Saka year would be 1105.
The Christian equivalent would then be A.D. 1183 December 1,
Thursday, lunar eclipse, Uttarayana-samkramana.
In Margasira of Subhakrit there was no lunar
eclipse, but in Sobhakrit there was one which fell on Thursday. Subhakrit
cited in the record seems to be a mistake for Sobhakrit In that
case the Saka year would be 1105. The Christian equivalent would then be A.D.
1183 December 1, Thursday.
It
registers a gift of land in the village Bada daluru in Binavuru
Twelve by Vasudeva-Dandanayaka, a subordinate of Vikrmaditya II of the Gutta family,
for the worship and offerings to god Mallikarjuna of that
village, after effecting repairs, etc., to the temple.
The village was granted to him by Vikramaditya I and Joyideva
II, the grand-father and uncle respectively, of Vikramaditya II,
who is here referred to as Kumara Vikramaditya.
He is also referred to as the son (putra) of Joyideva
II, possibly because of the prevailing Indian practice of calling a
nephew as son.
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