The Indian Analyst
 

South Indian Inscriptions

 

 

Contents

Preface

Introduction

Table of Contents

Text of the Inscriptions 

Part - I

Part - II

Part - III

Part - IV

Part - V

Other Inscription 

Chola Inscription

Telugu Inscriptions from Andra Pradesh

Pallava Inscriptions

Pandya Inscriptions

Telugu Inscriptions of the Vijayanagara Dynasty

Inscriptions Collected During 1903-1904

Other South-Indian Inscriptions 

Volume 1

Volume 2

Volume 3

Vol. 4 - 8

Volume 9

Volume 10

Volume 11

Volume 12

Volume 13

Volume 14

Volume 15

Volume 16

Volume 17

Volume 18

Volume 19

Volume 20

Volume 22
Part 1

Volume 22
Part 2

Volume 23

Volume 24

Volume 26

Volume 27

Tiruvarur

Darasuram

Konerirajapuram

Tanjavur

Annual Reports 1935-1944

Annual Reports 1945- 1947

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume 2, Part 2

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume 7, Part 3

Kalachuri-Chedi Era Part 1

Kalachuri-Chedi Era Part 2

Epigraphica Indica

Epigraphia Indica Volume 3

Epigraphia
Indica Volume 4

Epigraphia Indica Volume 6

Epigraphia Indica Volume 7

Epigraphia Indica Volume 8

Epigraphia Indica Volume 27

Epigraphia Indica Volume 29

Epigraphia Indica Volume 30

Epigraphia Indica Volume 31

Epigraphia Indica Volume 32

Paramaras Volume 7, Part 2

Śilāhāras Volume 6, Part 2

Vākāṭakas Volume 5

Early Gupta Inscriptions

Archaeological Links

Archaeological-Survey of India

Pudukkottai

South Indian Inscriptions, Volume 2

Tamil Inscriptions

part - i

INSCRIPTIONS  OF THE TANJAVUR TEMPLE

INSCRIPTIONS ON THE WALLS OF THE CENTRAL  SHRINE

No. 5 On the north Wall upper tier

The original of this inscription is divided into two sections of nine lines each. At the commencement of each line of the first section, a few syllables are lost, and the first five lines of the same section are considerably damaged about the middle. In the first line the date is lost. As, however, the preserved part of the historical passage, with which the line opens, agrees literally with the corresponding passage of No.4, the inscription cannot have been engraved before the 29th year of the reign of Rajarajadeva. Like No. 4, this inscription specifies the revenue in paddy and the revenue in gold, to be paid by a number of villages which Rajarajadeva had given to the temple.

Translation

1. [Hail! Prosperity!] There was engraved on stone, as orally settled, the revenue in paddy, — which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Advallan, which is equal to a rajakesari, — and the gold and the money (kasu), which have to be paid from the land paying taxes; (there was also engraved on stone) the land free from taxes, — including the village-[site], . . . . . . . . the channels, the Paraichcheri, the Kammanaseri and the burning-ground, — in the villages, which [the lord] Sri-Rajarajadeva had given . . . . . . . . . [1]

2. The land which forms the portion (vagai) of the cultivators (Vellan), -excluding that which is given to the temple (devadana) and that which is enjoyed by the (royal) palace (? Salabhoga), — (in the village of) Karuppur in Innambar-nadu, (a subdivision) of [Vadakarai-Raje]ndrasimha-valanadu, (contains) five (measures), one half, four twentieths, one eightieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of one half, one fortieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and one twentieth. [There have to be deducted] . . . . . . . consisting of the village-site, the ponds and (their) banks, the sacred temple and (its) sacred court, the temple of Pidari, one third of the pond in which red water-lilies are planted, and the burning-ground . . . . . . . [The revenue is] five hundred and forty-nine kalam, seven kuruni and four nari of paddy, . . . . . . . . .

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3. (In the village of) T[i]ruttevankudi in [Tiruvali]-nadu, (a subdivision) of the same nadu, (some) land had been set aside for (the temple of) Kadadevar[2] in the village, (but) had been entirely taken away and enjoyed (by others). Therefore another estate (? Mudal) was formed and made over to the cultivators. The land which forms the portion of the cultivators, — excluding the estate[3] which belongs to the portion of the cultivators, and excluding the land free from taxes, which includes the village-site and the burning-ground of this village, (and which) has to be enjoyed in common (by all the cultivators), — (contains), according to measurement, twenty-nine (measures of) land, one quarter, three eightieths and one thee-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of four twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of one quarter and one fortieth. The revenue paid as tax is two thousand nine hundred . . . . . . . . . .kalam and tuni and one nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

4. (The village of) Ku[ruv]aniyakkudi in Tiruvali-nadu, (a subdivision) of the same nadu (contains), according to measurement, forty-six (measures of) land, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of three twentieths and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth, — including the Jaina temple. There have to be deducted . . . . . . . the village site, the sacred temple and (its) sacred court . . . . . . . (There remain) thirty-nine (measures of) land paying taxes, one half, three twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of three quarters, four twentieths and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. The gold paid as tax is three hundred and four karanju and three manjadi nine tenths[4] and one twentieth.

5. (The village of) Anpanur in Mi-palaru,[5] (a subdivision) of Pachchirakurram in Mara-nadu, alias Rajasraya-valanadu, (contains), according to measurement, eighty (measures of) land and three quarters; 1/320 of one half, four twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of four twentieths. There have to be deducted four (measures of) land free from taxes, three quarters, three twentieths, three eightieths and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of one quarter, . . . . . . . [and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths], — consisting of the village-site, the thrashing-floor of this village, the ponds and (their) banks, the Peruvalavay (channel),[6] which passes through this village and irrigates the country, the channel which branches off from the Peruvalavay, passes through this village and irrigates (the village of) Settimangalam,[7] the sacred temple of Mahadeva, (called) Tiru-Vanni-bhagavar (i.e., Sri-Vahni-bhagavat), in this village and (its) sacred court, the temple of Pidari and (its) sacred court, the temple of Settaiyar[8] and (its) sacred court, the pond of Tiruppainnili-Madevar (Mahadeva)[9] and (its) banks, the Irachcheri of this village, the Paraichcheri, the burning-ground of the cultivators, the burning-ground of the paraiyas, and the stone fold (karkidai) (for cattle). (There remain) seventy-five (measures of) land, three quarters, . . . . . . one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is five thousand eight hundred and fifty kalam, two tuni (one) kuruni and one nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

6. (The villages of) Ingaiyur in Kir-Palaru,[10] (a subdivision) of Pachchirkurram in the same nadu (contains), according to measurement, forty-five (measures of) land, one half, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and 1/320 of one half. There have to be deducted two (measures of) land free from taxes and three quarters, — consisting of the village-site, the temple of Pidari in this village and (its) sacred court, the temple of . . . . . . . . . . .and (its) sacred court, the sacred temple of Mahadeva in this village and (its) sacred court, the sacred bathing-pond (tirumanjanakkulam) of this god, the Paraichcheri, the burning-ground of the cultivators, and the burning-ground of the Paraiyas. (There remain) forty-two (measures of) land, three quarters, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and 1/320 of one half.; The revenue paid as tax is four thousand two hundred and seventy-eight kalam, three kuruni and four nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

7. (The village of) .. . . . . . . nur alias Panamangalam, (in) Panamangala-Vanakarai-parru, (a subdivision) of Kir-Palaru in Pachchirkurram in the same nadu , (contains), according to measurement, forty-two (measures of ) land, eight twentieths, . . . . . . . . 1/320 of eight twentieths and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. There have to be deducted one (measure of) land free from taxes, one half, two twentieths, . . . . . . and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of one half, one twentieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of four twentieths, -consisting of the village-site (ur-irukkai-nattam), the sacred temple of Mahadeva in this village and (its) sacred court, the channels which pass through this village and supply water to other villages, the temple of Pidari and (its) sacred court, the public pond (uruni-kulam) and (its) banks, the temple of Aiyan and (its) sacred court, the stables,[11] the burning-ground of the cultivators, the burning-ground of the Paraiyas the Paraichcheri and the Irachcheri. (There remain) forty (measures of) land, three quarters, three eightieths and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is four thousand and seventy-two kalam (one) kuruni and seven nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

8. (The village of) Satta[np]adi (in) Panamangala-Vanakarai-parru, (a subdivision) of Kir-[Pa]laru in Pachchirkurram in the same nadu (contains), according to measurement, nineteen (measurement), nineteen (measures of) land, one twentieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of four twentieths, three eightieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. There have to be deducted four twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and 1/320 of three quarters and one twentieth, — consisting of the village-site, the Paraichcheri, and the [P]ainge[ni] channel, which passes through the land of this village and supplies water to other villages. (There remain) eighteen (measures of) land, three quarters, one twentieth and three eightieths; 1/320 of eight twentieths, three eightieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is one thousand eight hundred and eighty-three kalam two tuni and three kuruni of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

9. (The village of) . . . . kkankudi (in) Sem . . . . . pparru, (a subdivision) of Kir-palaru in Pachchirkurram in the same nadu, (contains), according to measurement, four (measures of) land, three quarters, two twentieths and three eightieths; 1/320 of six twentieths and three eightieths; (1/320)2 of three twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)3 of four twentieths.; There have to be deducted three twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, one fortieth and one-three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of four twentieths and one hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)3 of one half and two twentieths, — consisting of the village-site, the Irachcheri, the stables and the Paraichcheri. (There remain) four (measures of) of land, one half, four twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of two twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; (1/320)2 of done quarter, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)3 of one half and two twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is four hundred and sixty-nine kalam, (one) tuni and one nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

10. (The village of) Mandottam in Kalarakkurram (a subdivision) of the same nadu, (contains), according to measurement, fifteen (measures of) land, one half, one eightieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of one half, three twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths There have to be deducted three quarters (of a measure) of land free from taxes, four twentieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of seven twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of [four] twentieths, — consisting of the village –site, the thrashing-floor of this village, the Kammanaseri, the Paraichcheri of this village, and the Agaiyaru (river) at this village. (There remain) fourteen (measures of) land, one half, one twentieth, one eightieth and one three-hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is one thousand four hundred and fifty-six kalam, five kuruni and seven nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

11. (The village of) Iraiyanseri in Kalarakkurram (a subdivision) of the same nadu, (contains), according to measurement, twelve (measures of) land, one half, two twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and twentieth; 1/320 of one quarter and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. There have to be deducted three quarters (of a measure)) of land free from taxes, two twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of one half and three twentieths; (1/320)2 of three twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; (1/320)3 of three eightieths; and (1/320)4 of three quarters and one twentieth, -consisting of the village-site, the site of the houses (kudi-irukkai), the Paraichcheri, the water-course (nir-odu-kal), (called) the Kannan channel, (and the other) channels which pass through this village and irrigate other villages, the village thrashing-floor of this village, the ponds of this village and (their) banks, the sacred temple of Madevar (Mahadeva) in this village and (its) sacred court, and the sacred bathing-pond of this god. (There remain) eleven (measures of) land, three quarters and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of one half, two twentieths and three eightieths; (1/320)2 of one half, two twentieths and three eightieths; (1/320)3 of three quarters, four twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)4 of [four twentieths]. The revenue paid as tax is one thousand one hundred and sixty-nine kalam two tuni, two nari and (one) uri of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

12. (The village of) Venkonkudi in Venkonkudi-kandam,[12] (a subdivision) of the same nadu (contains), according to measurement, fifty (measures of) land, seven twentieths and one eightieth; and 1/320 of three quarters and one twentieth. There have to be deducted two (measures of) land free from taxes, one quarter and one eightieth; 1/320 of one twentieth, one fortieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths, — consisting of the village-site, the site of the houses, the public pond, the land lying waste as pasture for the calves, the site of the houses of the Kanmanaseri,[13] the temple of Pidari and (its) sacred court, the road (vari) which leads to the burning-ground of the cultivators, the burning-ground of the cultivators (itself), the burning-ground of the Paraiyas, the land used as thrashing-floor, the temple of Aiyan and (its) sacred court, the eastern quarter in which Paraiya cultivators (Urapparaiyar) live, . . . . . . . . the western Paraichcheri in which Paraiya cultivators live, and the Nattar channel,[14] which passes through the land of this village.; (There remain) forty-eight (measures of) land and two twentieths; 1/320 of one half, four twentieths and one eightieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is four thousand seven hundred and eighty-four kalam , two tuni and six nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

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13. (The village of) Maganikudi in Venkonkudi-kandam, (a subdivision) of the same nadu, (contains), according to measurement, twenty-three (measures of) land, one half three twentieths and one hundred-sand sixtieth; 1/320 of one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. There have to be deducted nine twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, three eightieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and twentieth; 1/320 of nine twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of four twentieths, -consisting of the village-site, the thrashing-floor of the village, the sacred temple of Kalar[15] (and) Pidariyar in this village and (its) sacred court, the flower-garden (nandavanam) of Pidariyar, in which cocoanut-trees grow, the channels which pass through this village and supply water to other villages, the Irachcheri, the burning-ground of the cultivators, the burning-ground of the Paraiyas, and the Paraichcheri. (There remain) twenty-three (measures of) land, three twentieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of one half, one twentieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of four twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is two thousand three hundred and fifteen kalam and (one) kuruni of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a Rajakesari.

14. (The village of) Siru-Semburai in Semburai-kandam, (a subdivison) of the same nadu, (contains), according to measurement, six (measures of) land, one half, three twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and 1/320 of one half, four twentieths, three eightieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth. There have to be deducted seven twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes and one eightieth; 1/320 of seven twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of four twentieths, -consisting of the village-site, the stables, the hill (tidal) on which (the temple of) Madevar (Mahadeva) stands, the channel which branches off from the Kannan channel, passes . . . . . . . the land of this village and supplies water to other villages, the burning-ground of the cultivators, the kanmanaseri the Paraichcheri, and the burning-ground of the Paraiyas. (There remain) six (measures of) land, six twentieths, on eightieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of seven twentieths, one fortieth, lone hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. The revenue paid as tax is six hundred and twelve kalam and (one) padakku of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

15. (The village of) Turaiyur in Kir-Palaru, (a subdivision) of Pachchil-kurram in the same nadu, (contains) one hundred and fifty-two (measures of) land, three quarters, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of one half, three twentieths and one eightieth; and (1/320)2 of three quarters, three twentieths and three eightieths. There have to be deducted three (measures of) land free from taxes, one eightieths, one hundred-and-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)3 of four twentieths, — consisting of the site of this village, the site of the houses, the wells (kinaru) and cisterns (totti), the burning-ground of the cultivators, the stables, the quarter near the gate (Talaivaychcheri), the Irachcheri, the Kammanaseri the Paraichcheri, the burning-ground of the Paraiyas, the channels which pass through the land of this village and supply water to other villages, the temple of Pidari, (called) Punnaitturai-nangai, and (its) sacred court, the sacred temple of Kadugal[16] in this village and (its) sacred court, the temple of Durgaiyar (Durga) in this village and (its) sacred court, the fold[17] for the male sheep of this village, the sacred temple of Kalar (and) Pidariyar in this village and (its) sacred court, the temple of Aiyan and (its) sacred court, the sacred temple of Pidari, (called) Kuduraivattam-udaiyal, in this village and (its) sacred court, the ponds of this village and (their banks. (There remain) one hundred and forty-nine (measures of) land, one half, four twentieths and three eightieths; 1/320 of three quarters, one eightieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; (1/320)2 of one half, of twentieth and one fortieth; and (1/320)3 of thee quarters and one twentieth. The revenue paid as tax is fourteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight kalam, (one) tuni (one) padakku and one nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

16. (The village of) Karimangalam in the same nadu (contains) eleven (measures of) land, nine twentieths and one eightieth; 1/320 of three quarters, three eightieths and one three-hundred-and twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths. There have to be deducted seven twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, one fortieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of three quarters and one fortieth; (1/320)2 of six twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)3 of eight twentieths, — consisting of the site of this village, the thrashing-floor, the burning-ground of the cultivators, the sacred temple of Pidari, (called) Tiruval-udaiyal, and (its) sacred court, the temple of Kadugal and (its) sacred court, the Irachcheri, the Kammanaseri, the Paraichcheri and the burning-ground of the paraiyas. (There remain) eleven (measures of) land, one twentieth, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of one eightieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; (1/320)2 of one quarter, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)3 of one half and two twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is one thousand and eighty-three kalam and five nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

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17. Venni, a town (nagara) in Venni-kurram, (a subdivision) of Nittavinoda-valanadu, (contains) twenty-one (measures of) land, one half and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of eight twentieths and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. There have to be deducted four (measures of) land free from taxes and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and 1/320 of two twentieths and one fortieth, -consisting of the site of this village, the ponds and (their) banks, the sacred temple, the temple of Aiyan, the Paraichcheri, the burning-ground, and the land used as a pit (pallavay) which is dug (for) the water from the tank (eri) (of the village) of Siru-Munniyur. (There remain) seventeen (measures of) land and a half; 1/320 of six twentieths and one eightieth; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. The gold (to be paid) is ninety-three karanju, three manjadi, four tenths and one fortieth.[18]

18. (The village of) Pudamangalam (i.e., Bhutamangalam) in the same nadu, which adjoins his village (of Venni), (contains) twenty-five (measures of) land, three quarters, two twentieths, one fortieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of three quarters, three twentieths, three eightieths and one hundred-and sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of one half. Thee have to be deducted one half (of a measure) of land free from taxes, four twentieths, three eightieths and one three-hundred-and-twentieth, -consisting of the ponds and (their) banks, the burning-ground, the site of the Paraichcheri, and the site of the village. (There remain) twenty-five (measures of) land, two twentieths, three eightieths and one hundred-and sixtieth; 1/320 of nine twentieths and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half. The gold (to be paid) is two hundred and forty-six karanju and a half, three tenths (of a manjadi) and three fortieths.

19. (The village of) Miduveli in the same nadu, which is a part (pal) of Pudamangalam, and which adjoins this village, (contains) three (measures of) land and a quarter; and 1/320 of eight twentieths. There have to be deducted four twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, one eightieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of three quarters, two twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of done half and two twentieths, — consisting of the village-site. (There remain) three (measures of) land and one fortieth; 1/320 of one half, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. The gold (to be paid) is thirty karanju and a quarter, three tenths (of a manjadi) and three fortieths.

20. (The village of) Nagarakkarikurichchi in the same nadu, which adjoins this village, (contains) two (measures of) land, three quarters, one twentieth, three eightieths, one hundred-and sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of six twentieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and twentieth; and (1/3202 of four twentieths. The gold (to be paid) is twenty-eight karanju, nine manadi, seven tenths and one twentieth.

21. (The village of) Vadatamarai in the same nadu, which adjoins this village, (contains) six (measures of) land, three quarters, two twentieths and one eightieth; 1/320 of one half, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths. There have to be deducted two twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and 1/320 of eight twentieths, — consisting of the village-site. (There remain) six (measures of) land, three quarters and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of two twentieths, lone fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths. The gold (to be paid) is sixty-four karanju and three quarters, (one) manjadi, eight tenths and three fortieths.

22. (The village of) Venni-Tirappanpalli in the same nadu, which adjoins this village, (contains) ten (measures of) land, one half, two twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of one half, two twentieths and one eightieth; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth. There have to be deducted two (measures of) land free from taxes, one half, four twentieths, three eightieths, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of three quarters, three twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths, -consisting of the ponds and (their) banks, the temple of Settai, and the village-site. (There remain) seven (measures of) land, three quarters, two twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of one half, three twentieths, three eightieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. The gold (to be paid) is seventy-seven karanju and three quarters and (one) manjadi.

23. Altogether, (the villages of) Venni, Pudamangalam, Miduveli, which is a part of Pudamangalam, Nagarakkarikurichchi, Vadatamarai and Venni-Tirappanpalli contain seventy (measures of) land, three quarters, four twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of four twentieths and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and three twentieths. The land free from taxes, which has to be deducted, (contains) seven (measures), three quarters, one twentieth, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and 1/320 of three quarters, one twentieth, one eightieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth. (The remaining) land (contains) sixty-three (measures), two twentieths, three eightieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of eight twentieths, one eightieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one thee-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and three twentieths. The gold paid as tax is five hundred and forty-one karanju, (one) manjadi and eight tenths.

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24. (The village of) Kodimangalam, which is enjoyed by the (royal) palace (? Salabhoga), in Takkalur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu, (contains) fifty-three (measures of) land, one quarter, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and 1/320 of one half, three twentieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth. There have to be deducted two (measures of) land free from taxes, one half, one twentieth, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of three quarters, one twentieth, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths, — consisting of the village-site, the ponds, the sacred temple, and the Tindachche[ri]. There have (further) to be deducted two twentieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth, — consisting of the channel which passes through the land of this village and irrigates (the village of) Tiruminkunram. There have (further) to be deducted three eightieths (of a measure) of land free from taxes and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of one half, two twentieths and three eightieths; and (1/320)2 of three quarters and one twentieth, — consisting of the channels which pass through the land of this village and irrigate (the village of) Paruttiyur. Altogether, there have to be deducted two (measures of) land free from taxes, three quarters, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; 1/320 of nine twentieths, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. (There remain) fifty (measures of) land, one half, one eightieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth; 1/320 of three twentieths, one fortieth, one hundred-and-sixtieth and one three-hundred-and-twentieth; and (1/320)2 of one half and two twentieths. The revenue paid as tax is five thousand and fifty-one kalam two tuni, three kuruni and four nari of paddy, which has to be measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari.

25. Ve[n]elvidugu-Pallavapuram, a town in Takkalur-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu, (contains), according to measurement, twenty-seven (measures of) land, three quarters, three twentieths and one fortieth; 1/320 of one half and one fortieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths. There have to be deducted seven (measures of) land free from taxes, one half, two twentieths, one fortieth and one three-hundred-and-sixtieth; and (1/320)2 of eight twentieths, — consisting of the village-site, the Paraichcheri of this village, the Kammanaseri, the ponds included in the village, the ponds in the fields (pulam) and (their) banks, the sacred temple of Tiruvadigal in this village and (its) flower-garden, the embankment (kulai) of the Pandavay (river,) the sacred temple of the god of P[u]gar-Isvara-[gri]ham in this village and (its) sacred court, the quarter near the temple (Talichcheri), and the burning-ground. (There remain) twenty (measures of) land, one quarter, three eightieths and one hundred-and-sixtieth; and 1/320 of three quarters, one fortieth and one hundred-and-sixtieth. The gold paid as tax is one hundred and sixty-seven karanju and a half, three manjadi, two tenths and one twentieth.


[1] The incompletely preserved historical passage is left out in the translation.

[2] This seems to be the same as Ghatamuni, i.e., Agastya.

[3] This appears to have been restored to the temple of Kadadevar, while the remainder of the land was given to the Tanjavur temple.

[4] See page 36 note 1.

[5] I.e., ‘(the country) on the west of the Palaru (river)’

[6] This appears to be the “Peravala Vaykkal” of the Trichinopoly Mannual, p. 5.

[7] During a stay at Kurittalai in the Trichinopoly district, I was informed that the Peruvalavay channel branches off from the Coleroon (Kollidam) near the “Upper Anicut” north of Erumanu Railway Station, and passes Settimangalam two miles from the head-sluice.

[8] Settai (i.e., Jyeshtha) or Mudevi is the goddess of misfortune or poverty, who is considered as the elder sister of Lakshmi, the gokddess of furtune; see Ziegenbalg’s Genealogy of the South-Indian Gods, p. 91.

[9] According to the Periyapuranam Tiruppainnili is a town sacred to Siva, which is situated on the north of the Kaveri.

[10] I.e.,, ‘(the country) on the east of the Palary (river);’ compare Mi-Palaru in paragraph 5.

[11] According to Dr. Gundert’s Malayalam Dictionary, Kottagaram is the same as kottaram ‘a stable an outhouse’

[12] Kandam is the Tamil form of the Sanskrit

[13] The form Kanmanan occurs again in paragraph 14 for Kammanan, i.e., Kammalam: see page 47, note 2.

[14] A channel of this name is entered to the east of Kumbhakonam on the map of irrigation works, which accompanies the Tanjore Mannual.

[15] According to Winslow Kalan or Magalan (i.e., Mahakala) is the leader of a division of the celestial army under the charge of Aiyanar (see page 49 note 9).

[16] This goddess is considered as the mother of Bhairava.

[17] Kadakku is perhaps connected with kidai which occurs in paragraph 5.

[18] From a calculation of the total, as given in paragraph 23, it follows that the term kaani as part of a manjadi, means ‘a fortieth,’ and not, as usual, ‘an eightieth,’ just as, in the same case, ma means ‘a tenth,’ and not ‘a twentieth’; see page 36, note 1. This irregular application of the terms maa and kaani may be explained by assuming that these fractions refer to a unit of 2 manjadi or 1/10 karanju, which had passed out of use in the time of Rajaraja.

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