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PANDYA INSCRIPTIONS
INSCRIPTION
OF THE EARLY PANDYAS
No. 26.
(A. R. No. 690 of 1905.)
Ramanathapuram, Dindigal Taluk, Madurai District.
On a rock in the village.
This Tamil
inscription, which does not quote the regnal year of the king, states that
Nakkan-pullan who had the other name of Parantaka-ppallivelan had accompanied
king Maranjadaiyan in his campaign (yattirai) against Idavai in Sola-nadu. This Pullan had begun the excavation of an
irrigation tank in his name, called it Pullaneri, strengthened the banks with
stone revetment and fixed the sluice therefore; but he died before the project
could be completed. The work is then
stated to have been completed by Pulan-Nakkan, evidently his son, with the help
of the mason named Vadugan-kurran and his son; and to the two latter a gift of
land in the two kurus of Palli-nadu was made.
No. 27.
(A. R. No. 89 of 1907.)
Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On a slab set up in front of the Tirumulanatha temple.
This
damaged Vatteluttu record of Maranjadaiyan is defaced at the placed
where the regnal year is cited; but it appears probable that only one year and
not a double year has been mentioned. The record may perhaps belong to Varagunavarman. It registers a gift of money made by
Kavadiyar of Ilavenbaikkadattirukkai for two lamps to be burnt in the temple
before the images of god Tiruchchalaitturai-Tirumulatanattur-Bhatarar and
Perumanadigal âwho was pleased to stand at Tiruchchalaituraiâ in Ilangoykkudi
in Mulli-nadu.
No. 28.
(A. R. No. 160 of 1930-31.)
Tiruchchatturai, Tanjore Taluk, Tanjore District.
On the west wall of the Odanavanesvara temple.
This
damaged inscription registers a gift of 300 kasu by Pandi-Marajar
Vraguna-Marajar for burning a sacred lamp in the tempe of
Tiruchchorrutturai-Mahadeva.
No. 29.
(A. R. No. 215 of 1932-33.)
Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the south side of the Ardhamandapa in the Tiruvaludisvara temple.
This
damaged record, probably of [Maranjadi]yan, who is apparently the
king mentioned in the first line, appears to register a gift of sheep by some
one of Elur, whose name is lost, for a lamp in the temple.
No. 30.
(A. R. No. 313 of 1904.)
Kudumiyamalai, Kulattur Taluk, (Pudukkottai State), Tiruchirappalli
District.
On a pillar in the
Melaikoyil temple.
This record of Maranjadaiyan is dated in the 23rd year of his
reign. Owing to the damaged condition
of the letters, it is not possible to make out the contents of the record. Tirunilakkunram, the name of the hill and
Tirumulattanam, that of the shrine, are traceable, and the record probably
refers to a gift for a lamp to this temple.
No. 31.
(A. R. No. 43 of 1908.)
Kalgumalai,
Melur Taluk, Madurai District.
On a slab in the Kosakkudi street.
This
record dated in the 23rd year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan
from Kalugumalai is of interest as it mentions an expedition of the Pandya army
against Sadaiyan-Karunandan of Malai-nadu, in which the fort of Ariviyur was
destroyed. This Sadaiyan-Karunandan is identical with the Ay chieftain whose
records are found in the northern part
of the Travancore State.
He may have originally been a Pandya vassal as indicated by the surname Sadaiyan and may
have subsequently rebelled against the Pandya, in conjunction perhaps with the
Venadu ruler of the period, which action was probably the case of the
expedition referred to in this inscription.
Two soldiers of the battalion commanded by the Pandya subordinate
Etti-Mannan alias Mangala-Enadi of Perunechchuram, named
Vinaiyantolu-Suran of Pundanamali in Tondai-nadu and Sattanakkan of Pereyirkudi
lost their lives in this skirmish, and in commemoration of their services, some
land valued at 20 kalanu of gold was given apparently by this
Enadi. This endowment may have been in
the nature of an udirappatti, but it is not clearly specified as such.
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No. 32.
(A. R. No. 430 of 1914.)
Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On the wing-stone at the entrance of the Kalanathasvamin temple.
This
Vatteluttu inscription dated in the 26th year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan appears to register a gift of 100 sheep by
Sa[tta]n-Gunattan of Kunnur in [Karu]-nilakkudi-nadu for supplying ghee to a
deity in the temple of Tirukkattamballi at Kurandi. From other records it is known that a Kurandi thee flourished in
the olden days an important Jainta temple named Tirukkattamballi,. This stone may have belonged originally to
that temple and removed thence and place in this temple. Kurandi
may be identified with the village of the same name in the Aruppukkottai
taluk. Kunnur where Srimara-Srivallabha
fought one of his battles, was situated in Karunilakkudi-nadu in the same
subdivision.
No. 33.
(A. R. No. 422 of
1914.)
Pallimadam, Aruppukottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On the north base of the Kalanathasvamin temple.
This
Vatteluttu record, which is dated in the 26th regnal year of an unspecified
king, may be assigned to Maranjadaiyan whose inscription
dated in the same regnal year is found in this temple. It is damaged and incomplete, but probably
enumerates some of the devaradiyar of the temple.
No. 34 and
35.
(A. R. No. 428-A and 428-B of 1914.)
Pallimadam, Aruppukkottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On stones in the northern wall of the mandapa in the Kalanathasvamin
temple.
This
inscriptions are engraved on slabs now found embedded in the north wall of the mandapa
in the Siva temple. The slabs appear to
have originally belonged to the Jaina temple named Tirukkattamballi at Kurandi
nearby, and to have been removed thence along with the wing-stones noted
above. They register the usual gifts to
sheep for lamps to be burnt in the temple of Tirukkattamballi-Devar at Kurandi
in Venbu-nadu.
Though the
kingâs name is not specified, these records may be attributed to the time of Maranjadaiyan.
No. 36.
(A. R. No. 298 of
1916.)
Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the door-jambs of the Erichchavudaiyar temple.
This
inscription in Vatteluttu characters is dated in the 35th year
of the reign of a king whose name is not mentioned; but he may be assumed to be
identical with the Maranjadaiyan of whom high regnal years have been
found. It records the gift of sheep by
a certain Paradayan Senda[nagan] of Pappar-irukkai in Vela-nadu for a lamp to
be burnt in the temple of Tiruppottudaiyalvar at Ilangoykkudi, a brahmadeya
in Mulli-nadu.
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No. 37.
(A. R. No. 423 of
1906.)
Manur, Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On one of the pillars in The Ambalavana temple.
This
inscription dated in the 35th year and 469th
day of the reign of Maranjadaiyan is of interest as giving the rules land qualifications which
governed the admission of members to the assembly of Mananilainallur, a
brahmadeya in Kalakkudi-nadu, and the penalty imposed on those who transgressed
these regulations. This is the only
stone inscription, which gives some insight into the administrative life of a
Pandya village.
No. 38.
(A. R. No. 104 of
1903.)
Ambasamudram, Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On a slab
in the Prakara of the erichchavudaiyar temple.
This
inscription is dated in the 39th year of the reign of an
unspecified king and may be attributed to king Maranjadaiyan, whose
record (No. 36) dated in the 35th year has been published above.
No. 39.
(A. R. No. 431 of
1914.)
Pallimadam, Aruppukottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On the stone at the entrance to the Kalanathasvamin temple.
This
inscription is dated in the 6th year opposite to the 35th
year of Maranjadaiyan and refers to the gift of sheep to Tirukkattamballi
at Kurandi in Venbunadu. The wing-stone
on which this record is engraved must have been brought from Tirukkattamballi
and inserted in the temple here at some later date, along with the other stone
on which No. 32 above is engraved.
No. 40.
(A. R. No. 12 of
1929.)
Dalapatisamudram, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On a slab lying in a field in the Parachcheri of the village.
This long
inscription in Vatteluttu characters is dated in the 6th year
opposite to the 35th year of the reign of king Maranjadaiyan who appears to be
identical with the king figuring in No. 37 above from Manur, dated in the 35th
year and 469th day. The
record consists of two separate endowments made by a certain Velan of
Irambadu in Karaikana-nadu. One of
them was a gift of 50 sheep to maintain a lamp in the rest house called Rajakka
ttannir pperumbandal erected by him at Perumbalanji in Nattarruppokku while a
gift of land and a well were also made for it. The other gift of sheep was for maintaining a lamp in another rest-house
named Munnurruvapperumbandal instituted by him in the same village; and a gift
of land for the care-taker who supplied water to this water-shed was also made.
The two
rest-houses were apparently erected, one in the name of âRajakkarâ of
Tirukkottaru and the other in the name of the Koyirpillaigal Munnurruvar whose
constitution is not clear. These
charities were left under the protection of the Nayakanmar ruling the district.
No. 41.
(A. R. No. 605 of
1915.)
Eruvadi, Nanguneri Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On a Boulder in the Irattaippottai rock.
This
record dated in the 43rd year of the reign of Maranjadaiyan
comes from Eruvadi. This is the highest
regnal year found for Maranjadaiyan for whom records in the 35th
and 39th years have been found elsewhere. The rock on which this epigraph is engraved is very much weatherworn
and the record is therefore defaced. It
appears to register a gift of land by Irambattu-velan Sattan as pallichchandam
to the Bhatara of Tiruviruttalai-Aruvalam in Nattarrupokku, and a gift
of sheep for a lamp. A Tamil verse at
the end of the record, stated to have been composed by the donor himself
contains an exhortation to all to offer worship to Aruhan on the hill. The donor Irambattu-velan has figured in
another record from Dalapatisamudram dated in the 35 + 6th regnal
year of this king.
No. 42.
(A. R. No. 863 of
1917.)
Kalugumalai, Koilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the rock within the Ayyanar temple on the hill.
This
record dated in the 7th year opposite to the 35th year
of the reign of Maranjadaiyan registers a gift of gold by a brahmana
named Mani Sankaranarayanan, a nagarattan
of Tiruchuriyal for burning a lamp during the three services in the shrine of
the Devar which he had made. This
amount was left in the charge of the Perurar of Tirunechchuram and the charity
was left under the protection of the Tirumalaivirar and Parantakavirar who were evidently the military guardians of
the temple, the latter owing their name to the Pandya king Parantaka, the
second of that name, to whose time the characters of the present inscription
can reasonably be attributed.
No. 43.
(A. R. No. 335 of
1929-30.)
Erukkangudi, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On a rock in a field to the south of the tank in the village.
This
Vatteluttu inscription of the 16th regnal year of Sadaiya-Maran
states that Iruppaikkudi-Kilavan dismantled the old bund of the tank,
strengthened it with stone and renovated a specified length of the bund. The tank was called kilavaneri after
the name of the benefactor. A verse at
the end of the record is in praise of this Kilavan of Iruppaikkudi in
Irunjola-nadu. This chieftain figures
in another record dated in the 18th year of the reign of the same
king from this same village. (No. 44
below), and in the Tiruchchendur inscription of Varaguna-Maraya (No. 16-A
above).
No. 44.
(A. R. No. 334 of
1929-30.)
Erukkangudi, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On a slab on the bund of the tank in the village.
This long
Vatteluttu inscription in Tamil verse is stated to have been engraved in the 18th year of the
reign of the Pandya king Sadaiya-Maran who has been called also
Srivallabhan. It records that this king
who had conquered his enemies from Kunnur to Simhalam bestowed the title of Iruppaikkudi-Kilavan
on a certain Etti-Sattan and that the latter repaired several tanks in
Irunjola-nadu and built some temples and ambalams. The tank near which the slab is set up was
one of the many water reservoirs, which benefited by this chiefâs philanthropic
projects. He dismantled the old earthen
bund, and built in its stead a stone-faced few embankment, so that this tank
was now called Kilavaneri, after his title of âKilavan.â These activities of this chieftain have been
reviewed in the Annual Report on South Indian Epigraphy for the year
1929-30, part ii, paragraph 2.
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No. 45.
(A. R. No. 368 of
1904.)
Sittannavasal, Kulattur Taluk, (Pudukkottai State), Tiruchirappalli
District.
On the rock south of the rock-cut Jaina temple.
This
inscription in Tamil verse, which is engraved in early characters with the pulli
marked for the basic consonants, refers to the Pandya king Srivalluvan
(i.e., Srivallabha), who had the title Avanipasekharan. On his behalf a certain Ilan-Gautaman
who is described as an asiriyan of Madurai repaired the agamandapa
of the temple at Annalvayil and built the mukha-mandapa in front of
it. The record being damaged, the
details are lost but from the existing portion it is inferred that some gifts
of land were also made to the priests of the temple.
No. 46.
(A. R. No. 425 of
1914.)
Pallimadam, Aruppukottai Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On the north wall of the
Kalanathasvamin temple.
This
record of the 2nd year of Sadaiya-Maran is slightly
damaged in the middle and appears to register a gift of 25 sheep for the
maintenance of a lamp in the temple of Sundarapandya-Isvara-Devar at
Tiruchchuriyal, a devadana in Parttikkudi-nadu by a carpenter of
Kalisalmangalam, a brahmadeya in Alarru-nadu. Vanavanmadevi(mangalam) a brahmadeya in Venbu-nadu
is also mentioned. This record may be
assigned to the reign of rajasimha, who was a contemporary of the Chola king
Parantaka I and who was defeated by him as stated in the Udayendiram plates.
No. 47.
(A. R. No. 216 of
1932-33.)
Perungulam, Srivaikuntam Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the south side of the entrance into the Ardhamandapa of the
Tiruvaludisvara temple.
This
damaged record of the 2nd year of Sadaiya-Maran refers
to a gift of a perpetual lamp by the son-in-la o Tayanjattan, a Vellala
of Pallip-Perumbulingavu in Tinaikkalamangalam, a village in Kuda-nadu to the
god Tiruvaludisvarattu-Alvar at Perungulam in Tiruvaludi-valanadu.
No. 48.
(A. R. No. 503 of
1907.)
Madurai, Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.
On two slabs
in the Madanagopalasvamin temple.
This
Vatteluttu inscription was found engraved on two slabs in the compound of the
Madangopala temple at Madurai. They
apparently belonged to a temple of Siva named Tirutturutti-Bhatara from were
they appear to have been brought to this temple. It is dated in the 2 + 1st year of Sadaiya-Maran
and probably belongs to the time of Rajasimha. It registers the usual gift of sheep for a lamp to be maintained in that
temple.
No. 49.
(A. R. No. 287 of
1923.)
Tirukkottiyur, Tiruppattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram District.
On a slab in the store-room of the Samyanarayana-Perumal temple
This
Vatteluttu record which is let into the wall of the store-room and is kept
bottom up, is dated in the 2 + 1st year of Sadiya-Maran. The
secondary loop is attached to the top of the respective consonants and not to
the side. The record, which may be
assigned to the time of Rajasimha, must have belonged to Siva temple at the
village, though it is now found embedded in the wall of the Vishnu temple. It registers a gift of a perpetual lamp by a
certain Anukki Sundaravalli
of Kannikudi in Kil-Iraniyamuttam to the god Periya-Srikoyil-Bhatara of
Tirukkottiyur.
Above this
record is another short one registering a gift of cows and sheep for a lamp by
a merchant named Kandan-Sankaranaranan, and belonging to about the same
period. The damaged portion consisting
of a few Sanskrit verses is not decipherable, and as only a few words are
legible here and there, such as Srigoshthinatha in line 6, no continuous
sense can be made out.
No. 50.
(A. R. No. 323 of
1904.)
Kudimiyamalai, Kulattur Taluk, (Pudukkottai State), Tiruchirappalli
District.
On a pillar in the rock-cut cave temple.
This record (same as A.R.
No. 238 of 1911),
dated in the 2 + 1 + 1st year of the reign of Sadaiya-Maran
registers a gift of gold by Parantaka-Adalaiyur-nadalvan alias
Kadamban-Etti for burning a lamp in the temple of Tirumulattanattu-Mahadeva at
Tirunilakkunram, a devadana in
Kunriyur-nadu. After line 10, there is
another inscription, which is dated in the 10th year of an
unspecified Pandya king and registers another gift of gold by two persons of
Nenmali-nadu to the same temple for the expenses of conducting a festival
therein.
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