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PANDYA INSCRIPTIONS
CHOLA-PANDYA VICEROYS
No. 176.
(A. R. No. 338 of
1929-30.)
Kundalakkuttu, Sattur Taluk, Ramanathapuram
District.
On a rock to the North of the Perumal Temple.
This
is an incomplete record belonging to the 23rd year of Jatavarman Solapandya, who
was probably Sundara-Cholapandya himself. As the record is damaged after
the fifth line, no details as to its contents are available.
Madurantaka-valanadu, a division of Rajaraja-Pandinadu is mentioned.
No. 177.
(A. R. No. 114 of
1905.)
Mannarkoyil,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the Gopalasvamin temple.
This record, which was incised in the reign of Jatavarman
Sundara-Cholapandya, whose regnal year is, however, lost in a portion which
is now missing, gives a catalogue of several persons who had received gifts of
buffaloes and cows from the Chera king Rasingadevar-Bhandaram (i.e.,
Rajasimha), in return for which they had to supply specified quantities of ghee
to the temple for burning therewith perpetual lamps.
No. 178.
(A. R. No. 410 of
1906.)
Sevilipem,
Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
north wall of the central shrine in the Alagar temple.
This record, which belongs to the reign of Jatavarman
Sundara-Cholapandya, is damaged at the date portion. It registers a gift of fifty sheep by Ravinarayanan of Tiruvelur alias
Tralokyamadevi-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Karungudinadu, a subdivision of
Rajedrasola-valanadu, a district of Rajaraja-pandinadu for burning a perpetual
lamp in the temple of Ten Tirumalirunjolai-Emberuman at Tirumukkudal.
No. 179.
(A.R. No. 80 of
1997.)
Ambasamudram,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the mandapa in the
Tirumulanatha temple.
This is a fragmentary inscription of Jatavarman
Sundara-Cholapandya of which is lost. It mentions Mutturrukkurram and Tribhuvanamadevi-chaturvedimangalam,
which was probably the full name of the village referred to in the wall.
No. 180.
(A. R. No. 85 of
1907.)
Ambasamudram,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
base of the ruined shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.
This record, which is built in at its right end, belongs to
the reign of Jatavarman Sundara-Cholapandya, the regnal year being
lost. It registers provision made for
burning a lamp to god Karumanikkadeva at Tiruchchalaitturai, the gift having
been made by some individual, name lost, belong to the nagaram (city)
called Kshatriyasikhamanipuram in the same nadu.
No. 181.
(A. R. No. 88 of
1907.)
Ambasamudram,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
base of a ruined shrine in the Tirumulanatha temple.
This epigraph is built in at its left end, and the portion
that is visible registers, some endowment made by a vellala named
Kurungudi-Solai, which was left in charge of a vaikhanasan doing worship
in the temple. This shrine contains an
image of Vishnu, which was called Tiruchchalaitturai-ninrarulina-Emberuman in
No. 81 above in the time of the Pandya king Vira Pandya and as Karumanikkadevar
in No. 180 above in the time of this Chola-Pandya viceroy.
No. 182.
(A. R. No. 623 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.
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This epigraph, which is fragmentary apparently, belongs to
the time of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya. It mentions the gift of fifty cows made by Ulagudaiyar queen
of the Chola king, who took Gangai, Kidaram and Purvadesam, i.e.,
Rajendra-Chola I, whose name is lost in this inscription, for maintaining two lamps
in the temple of Kailasamudaiya-Mahadeva. Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya must have succeeded Jatavarman
Sundara-Cholapandya. The queen
Ulagudaiyar, wife of Rajendra-Chola, must have continued to live then. It is not clear if Rajendra-Chola was dead
at the time ; possibly he was.
No. 183.
(A. R. No. 434 of
1909.)
Adanur,
Kovilpatti Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the Adilingesvara temple.
This
Vatteluttu-record of Maravarman
Vikrama-Cholapandyadeva is dated in his twentieth year and registers
a gift of 25 sheep by a certain person whose name is obliterated for burning a
lamp in the temple at Adanjur in Surangudi-nadu, a subdivision of
Mudigondasola-valanadu. The gift was
left under the guardianship of Deyavira, i.e., Deyaviras, who were
evidently a battalion of soldiers stationed in the locality.
No. 184.
(A. R. No. 628 of
1916.)
Sermadevi
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.
In the 21st year of Maravarman
VikramaCholapandyadeva, a certain Brahmana lady of Ninrayil named
Manikutti-nangai of the Kundina-gotra made a gift of 25 cows for burning
a lamp in the temple of Mahadeva at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam.
No. 185.
(A. R. No. 620 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
west wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.
Dated in the 22nd year of Maravarman
Vikra-Cholapandya this inscription records a gift of 25 sheep made by
Kuditangi Sengodi, a velattal,
i.e., a servant-maid of the household of Cheramanar, i.e., the Chera king. The Chera king is in all probability the
Travancore ruler Rajasimha, who has ready figures in the record of Jatavarman
Sundara Cholapandya as having built a temple of Rajaendrasola-vinnagar-Alvar at
Mannarkoyil (Ep. Ind.
Vol. XI, p. 295-97).
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No. 186.
(A. R. No. 406 of
1929-30.)
Attur,
Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
west wall of the central shrine in the Somanatha temple.
This record dated in the 22nd year of Maravarman
Vikrama-Cholapandya registers a gift of paddy by a certain Manjan Sadaiyan
of Karuppur in Marugal-nadu, a sub-division of Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, a district of Solamandalam, for the
maintenance of a perpetual lamp in the temple of the Somanathadeva at Arrur,
and for the expenses of feeding some Srimahesvaras in the temple. Arrur is stated to be a hamlet of
Rajahhiraja-chaturvedimangalam, a bahmadeya in Kuda-nadu.
The fragmentary inscription also engraved on the same wall
belongs to this viceroy; but his regnal year is obliterated. It appears to relate to some unspecified
gift made to the temple by a servant named Surri-Tali of Sattamangalam.
No. 187.
(A. R. No. 328 of
1916.)
Tiruvalisvaram,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
west wall of the central shrine, Valisvara temple.
This inscription dated in the 25th year of Maravarman Vikra-Cholapandyadeva registers a gift of 13 cows by a
certain individual, whose name is obliterated for maintaining half a lamp,
apparently in this temple.
No. 188.
(A. R. No. 616 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
north wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.
This damaged inscription of the 25th year of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandyadeva registes a gift of 25 sheep, made by
a shepherd of the village for burning half a lamp in the
Kayilayamudaiya-Mahadeva temple at Nigrilisola-chaturvedimangalam.
No. 189.
(A. R. No. 627 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha temple.
This record which is dated in the 25th year of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandya registers a gift of 25
cows made by Parakrama-narayana-Brahmasrirajan for a lamp in the temple of
Kayilasamudaiya-Mahadeva at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam. This Parakrama-narayana, apparently a
brahmana, is described as dandanayakam, i.e., a captain of a regiment of
the Chola army, which must have been posted in this locality. Parakrama-Narayana may have been a biruda
of the viceroy himself, from which perhaps the captain had copied his own
surname.
No. 190.
(A. R. No. 640 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
east wall of the Dakshinamurti shrine in the Ammainatha temple.
This record of the [25]th year of Maravarman
Vikrama-Cholapandya relates to the gift of 12 kasu by
Madevinangai-sani, the mother of a certain Karipurattu Nambi, a madhyastha
of the village, and the agreement tendered by the Sivabrahmanas of the two temples, Cholendrasimhesvara and
Srikayilasam at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in
Mulli-nadu to burn a lamp in front of the god Dakshinamurtideva in the
Srikailasa temple. Mention is made of a
portion of this temple called Rajadhirajan-tiruchchurralai, i.e, the
circumambulatory corridor evidently named after Rajahiraja, the successor of
Rajendra-Chola I on the Chola throne at this time.
No. 191.
(A. R. No. 393 of
1929-30.)
Attur,
Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
north wall of the central shrine in the Somanatha Temple.
This record is dated in the 25th year of
the reign of Maravarman Vikrama-Cholapandyadeva and registers an
agreement given by the aganaligai-sivabrahmanas, i.e., the priests in
charge of the inner precincts of the temple to the temple authorities to the
effect that they will conduct the items of charity, namely, the provision of
milk-porridge to the god Somanathadeva at Arrur in
Rajadhiraja-chaturvedimangalam and feeding fifteen Sivabrahmanas in the
temple on each amavasya day every month for which a gift of money had
been made by Kandan-Ayyanar of Mangalakkal. This amount was invested on the purchase of some lands, land from the
annual produce of these lands, the charity was to be conducted.
The donor Kandan-Ayyanar is also called
Nripasikhamani-Muvendavelan, evidently after the biruda of some royal
personage but whose surname Nripasikhamani is not ascertainable.
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No. 192.
(A. R. No. 417 of
1929-30.)
Attur
Tiruchchendur Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the central lshrine in the somanatha temple.
This record which is dated in the 25th year
of Maravarman Vikra-Cholapandyadeva refers to the gift of paddy by a
certain Udaiyadivakkaran Tirumurti of Madevimangalam in Panaiyur-nadu in
Kshatriyasikhamani-valanadu, a district of Solamandalam for providing panchagavya
on the days of amavaysa to the image of god Ten-Tiruppuvanam-udaiyar, in
the temple of Somanathadeva at Arrur, and for feeding ten brahmanas on
those days in the temple. These brahmanas were required to be paradesis, i.e., those who did not belong to the
village but had come thereafter a sacred bath in the sanghamukam and
should be of good character (nallaray-iruppar). The ingredients for the panchagavya
(the five products of the cow) are enumerated as milk, curds, ghee, gomutra
and gomaya.
No. 193.
(A. R. No. 113 of
1905.)
Mannarkoyil,
Ammasamudram Taluk, Tiunelveli District.
On the
south all of the Gopalasvamin temple.
This incomplete inscription probably belongs to Maravarman
Vikrama Cholapandya whose name and date are lost in the portion built in the
wall, at the right side. Mention is
made of Seramanar Rajarajadevar, and a certain Gandaradittan Pichchan.
No. 194.
(A. R. No. 642 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
west and north walls of the central shrine in the Ammainatha temple.
This inscription is dated in the 3rd year but the kingâs name is not
specified at the beginning. It states
that when Jatavarman alias Udaiyar Solapandyadeva was seated in
the bathing room (irumanjanasalai in the palace at Rajendrasolapuram,
the royal order of his father (nam ayyar who has the historical
introduction virametunaiyagavum (i.e., Virarajendradeva) was received
that certain lands belonging to the temple of Kailasanatha at
Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam may be exempted from the payment of taxes from
the third year, apparently of the Cholapandya viceroy, the necessary revenue
instructions were issued to that effect. The document is worded in detail like the Chola records of this period,
and is attested by a number of officials in conformity with the revenue
procedure prevalent at that time.
This Cholapandya viceroy was evidently the son of
Virarajendradeva named Gangaikondasolan on whom the title of Chola-pandya had
been conferred by his father. In a record
from Attur in the same district there is reference to another son named
Rajendra-Chola, who is said to have been granted the title of Cholapandya.
No. 195.
(A. R. No. 403 of
1906.)
Sevilaperi,
Tirunelveli Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
north wall of the central shrine in the Alagar Temple.
This record, which belongs to the same Jatavarman
Cholapandya, is dated in his regnal year and registers a gift of
twenty-five sheep by a certain Perrakkari Alallan, a shepherd of the temple of
Tirunelveli-devar in Kil-Vemba-nadu for burning lamp in the temple of
Ten-Tirumajrunjolai-Alvar on behalf of Vemban Kulavan Perrakari.
Alagarkoyil in the Madurai District is called
Tirumalirunjolai and the god at iperi has been named Ten-Tirumalirunjolai in
consideration of its position to the of its Madurai namesake.
No. 196.
(A. R. No. 329 of
1916.)
Tiruvalisvaram,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
west wall of the central shrine in the Valisvara temple.
This record belongs to Maravarman
Parakrama-Cholapandyadeva and is dated in the 3rd regnal year. As he bears the title Maravarman, there must
have been a viceroy with the title Jatavarman between him and Maravarman
Vikrama-Cholapandya. This Parakrama
must have been the last Cholapandya viceroy, and with him this administrative
device of appointing viceroys to this outlying province was apparently given
up.
This record registers a gift of sheep by a certain
Raman-Keni alias Naduvirukkai Danmasetti for a lamp in the temple of
Tiruvalsvaram-udaiyar. The man with
whom the sheep were left, namely, Nasakan Kuvanai also figures in No. 170
above.
No. 197.
(A. R. No. 613 of
1916.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
north wall of the central shrine, Ammainatha Temple.
This record of Maravarman Parakrama-Cholapandyadeva is dated in the 4th year
and registers a gift of 12 kasu by Yogadeva and Somadevi from
Kasairadesam for burning a lamp in the temple of Sri-Kayilayamudaiya-Mahadeva
at Nigarilisola-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Mulli-nadu.
It is of interest of notice that natives of Kasmiradesam
sojourned in the south, either on pilgrimage or as a result of the patronage
extended to Saivism by Chola and Pandya kings. Several natives of Kasmiradesam and Aryadesam have figured in Chola and
Pandya epigraphs.
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MEDIAEVAL PANDYAS
(JATAVARMAN
SRIVALLABHA.)
No. 198.
(A. R. No. 323 of
1908.)
Kuruvitturai,
Nilakkottai Taluk, Madurai District.
On the
west wall of the central shrine in the Chitrarathavallabha-Perumal Temple.
This record of the 2nd year of Jatavarman
Srivallabha commences with the historical introduction, âTirumadandaiyum,â
etc., and registers a gift o 100 diramam by the two widows of a brahmana named Turppil Sridhara-Bhatta of Cholantaka-chaturvedimangalam,
and both of them sisters of a certain Sundarattol-udaiyan-Bhattan of Gomapuram,
through whom the endowment is stated to have been made. The interest collected on the investment
amounted to 2 diramam per month, i.e., it worked to 24 per cent per
annum
No. 199.
(A. R. No. 539 of 1911.)
Sermadevi,
Ambasamudram Taluk, Tirunelveli District.
On the
south wall of the first prakara in the Bhaktavatsala temple.
This record dated in the 2nd year of Srivallabha may be attributed to Jatavarman Srivallabha. It registers a gift of sheep by Srivallabhan-Raman of Mulli-nadu
for burning a lamp in the temple of god Emberuman who was pleased to be
stationed at Bhaktapriyam.
No. 200.
(A. R. No. 507 of
1907.)
Madurai,
Madurai Taluk, Madurai District.
On the
Thirteenth stone in the Madanagopalasvamin temple.
This short inscription is engraved on a slab
in the Madanagopalasvamin temple at Madurai and is dated in the 3rd
year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Srivallabha and may be assigned to the
Jatavarman of this name. His queen
Ulagamulududaiyal endowed some land for the maintenance of a matha. Apparently this slab was brought from some
Siva temple and is now found in the compound of the Vishnu temple.
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