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TANJAVUR
Brihadhiswara TEMPLE
Inscriptions
INSCRIPTIONS
ON THE WALLS OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE
No.
9. On the South wall, first Tier
The
following eleven inscriptions (Nos. 9 to 19) are engraved continuously
in two large sections, the first of which consists of seven, and the
second of ten lines.
No.
9 is dated in the 6th year of the reign of
Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias Rajendra-Choladeva, the fixes the
interest to be paid to the temple by certain villagers for a sum of money,
which had been contributed by several donors and by the temple
treasury. The interest was to be used for the chief idol of the temple
(paragraph 2) and for the images of Kratarju[ni]yadevar
and of Pichchadevar
(paragraphs 3 and 4). The first of the two latter had been set up by a
minister, who is also mentioned in the large Leyden grant, and the
second by Lokamahadevi, a queen of Rajarajadeva.
Translation
1.
Hail ! Prosperity! In the sixth year (of the reign) of
Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias the lord Sri-Rajaendra-Choladeva, who, â
in (his) life of high prosperity,
(during which he) rejoiced that, while Fortune, having become
constant, was increasing, the goddess of the great earth, the goddess of
victory in battle, and the matchless goddess of fame had become his
great queens,-
conquered with (his) great and warlike army Idaiturai-nadu ;
Vanavasi, whose warriors (were protected by) walls of continuous
forests ; Kollippakkai, whose walls were surrounded by sulli (trees)
; Mannaikkadagam
of unapproachable strength ; the crown of the king of Iram, who came to
close quarters in fighting ;
the exceedingly beautiful crown of the queen of the king of that (country)
; the crown of Sundara and the pearl-necklace of Indra, which the king
of the South (i.e., the Pandya) had previously given up to that (king
of Iram) ; the whole Ira-mandalam on the transparent sea ; the crown
praised by many and the garland of the sun, family-treasures, which the
arrow-shooting
(king of) Kerala rightfully wore ; and many ancient islands,
whose old and great guard was the sea, which resounds with conches ; â
there was engraved on stone the money (kasu), which the guru
Isanasiva-pandita had deposited until the sixth year (of the kingâs
reign), to be put out to interest ; the money, which the minister (adhikarin)
Udayadivakaran Tillaiyaliyar, alias Rajaraja-Muvenda-Velar, a
native of Kanchi-vayil,
Valangai-parambadaigalilar
had deposited until the sixth year, to be put out to interest ; the
money, which had been given out of the (temple) treasury until
the sixth year, to be put out to interest ; and the village, which had
received this money on interest.
2.
The guru Isanasiva-pandita deposited one hundred and eighty kasu,
(to be put out) at an interest of one eighth kasu per year
for each kasu, so as to realize twenty-two and a half kasu
for (purchasing), â at the rate of two karanju and a half of
camphor (karpura) for each kasu, â fifty-six karanju and
[a quarter] of camphor, viz., (1) (one) manjadi of
camphor for feeding the god, when he takes his food (amudu), at
each of the three times (or the day), altogether three manjadi
of camphor per day, or fifty-four karanju of camphor per year,
and (2) a quarter (karanju) of camphor in excess (erram) of the
daily rate (padi) on each of the nine sacred days of the great
sacred festival (utsava) altogether two karanju and a
quarter of camphor.
3.
The minister Udayadivakaran Tillaiyaliyar, alias Rajaraja-Muvenda-Velar,
a native of Kanchivayil, deposited thirteen kasu for the sacred
food and other requirements (of the image) of Kratarju[ni]yadevar,
which he had set up himself.
4.
(Adding to these amounts)
eight hundred and five kasu out of the sacred treasury (sri-bhandara)
of the lord, and two hundred and fifty-two kasu out of the money,
which the Valangai-parambadaigalilar, â who had been attached by order
of the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva to (the image of) Pichchadevar,
which had been set up by Lokamahadevi, the consort of our lord Sri-Rajarajadeva,
â had deposited for the sacred food and other requirements of this (image),
â the total is one thousand two hundred and fifty kasu.
5.
Out of this money, the members of the assembly of Nedumanal, alias
Madanamanjari-chaturvedimangalam, in Nenmali-nadu (a subdivision)
of Arumorideva-valanadu, have received after (the harvest of) the
pasan
in the sixth year (of the kingâs reign) from Chandesvaradeva,
â who is the first servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased
to take up gladly his abode in (the temple called)
Sri-Rajarajesvara, â one thousand and seventy kasu. For (these)
they have to measure every year, as long as the moon and the sun endure,
two hundred and sixty-seven kalam, (one) tuni and (one)
padakku of paddy into the large treasury of the lord (at)
Tanjavur with the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which
is equal to a rajakesari, â the rate of interest being three kuruni
of paddy per year for each kasu.
6.
The same (villagers) have to pay every year, as long as the moon
and the sun endure, into the treasury of the lord (at) Tanjavur
twenty-two
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and a half kasu for (the remaining) one hundred
and eighty kasu, which they have received after (the harvest
of) the pasan in the sixth year (of the kingâs reign), â
the rate of interest being one eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.
10 On the south wall, first tier
This
inscription is dated in the 10th year of the reign of
Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias Rajendra-Choladeva, and fixes the
interest, which the inhabitants of a certain village had to pay for the
benefit of the image of Kratarjunadevar
and of the images of Maha-Meru-Vitankar and his consort. The first of
these three images had been set up by the minister, who is mentioned in
the preceding inscription, and the second by king Rajarajadeva.
Translation
1.
Hail ! Prosperity! In the tenth year (of the reign) of
Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva, who, â in (his)
life of high prosperity, (during which he) rejoiced that, while
Fortune, having become constant, was increasing, the goddess of the
great earth, the goddess of victory in battle, and the matchless goddess
of fame had become his great queens, â conquered with (his)
great and warlike army Idaiturai-nadu ;
Vanavasi, whose warriors (were protected by) walls of continuous
forests ; Kollippakkai, whose walls were surrounded by sulli (trees)
; Mannaikkadakkam of unapproachable strength ;
the crown of the king of Iram, who came to close quarters in fighting ;
the exceedingly beautiful crown of the queen of the king of that (country)
; the crown of Sundara and the pearl-necklace of Indra, which the king
of the South had previously given up to that (king of Iram) ; the
whole Ira-mandalam on the transparent sea ; the crown praised by many
and the garland of the sun, family-treasures, which the arrow-shooting (king
of) Kerala rightfully wore ; many ancient islands, whose old and
great guard was the sea, which resounds with conches ; the crown of pure
gold, worthy of Lakshmi, which Parasurama, having considered the
fortifications of Sandimattivu
impregnable, had deposited (there), when, raging with anger, (he)
bound the kings twenty-one times ; the seven and a half lakshas of
Iratta-padi, (which was) strong by nature, (the conquest of
which was accompanied) with immeasurable fame (and which he took
from) Jayasimha, who, out of fear (and) full of vengeance,
turned his back at Muyangi
and hid himself ; and the principal great mountains, (which contained)
the nine treasures ; -
there was engraved on stone (the name of) the village, which had
received on interest from Chandesvaradeva, â who is the first servant
of the supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his abode in
(the temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara, â (part) of the
money, (which had been deposited) until the tenth year (of the
reign) of the lord Sri-Rajaendra-Choladeva for the sacred food and
other expenses required by (the image of) Kratarjuna-devar, â
which had been set up by the minister Udayadivakaran Tillaiyaliyar, alias
Rajaraja-Muvenda-Velar, a native of Kanchivayil, â and (of the
money), which the Sirudanattu Panimakkal
had deposited for the sacred food and other expenses required by (the
image of) Maha-Meru-Vitankar, â which had been set up by the lord
Sri-Rajarajadeva, â and by (the image of) his consort.
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2.
The members of the assembly of Irumbudal, alias
Manukulachulamani-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Avur-kurram,
(a subdivision) of Nittavinoda-valanadu, have received after (the
harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of the kingâs
reign) six hundred kasu, viz., (1) ninety-four kasu
taken out of the money, which had been deposited for the sacred food and
other expenses required by (the image of) Kratarjuna-devar, which
had been set up by the Minister Udayadivakaran Tillaiyaliyar, alias
Rajaraja-Muvenda-Velar, a native of Kanchivayil, and (2) five hundred
and six kasu taken out of the money, which the Sirudanattu
Panimakkal had deposited for the sacred food and other expenses required
by (the image of) Maha-Meru-Vitankar, â which had been set up
by the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva, â and by (the image of) his
consort. For (these six hundred kasu), they have to measure every
year, as long as the moon and the sun endure, one hundred and fifty kalam
of paddy into the large treasury of the lord (at) Tanjavur with
the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which is equal to a
rajakesari, â the rate of interest being three kuruni of
paddy per year for each kasu.
No.
11. On the south wall, first tier
The
date of this inscription is the same as that of No. 10. It records
endowments to the two last of the images, which were mentioned in No.10,
and to the images of Kalyana-sundarar and his consort, the first of
which had been set up by Trailokyamahadevi a queen of Rajarajadeva.
the members of the assembly of
Arumorideva-chaturvedimangalam in Purangarambai-nadu, (a subdivision)
of Arumorideva-valanadu, (have received) from Chandesvaradeva,
â who is the first servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased
to take up gladly his abode in (the temple called)
Sri-Rajarajesvara (at) Tanjavur, â two hundred and ninety-four kasu
out of the money, which the Niyayam
Sirudanattu Panimakkal, -
who were attached to (the image of) Maha-Meru-Vitankar, which had
been set up by the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva, and to (the image of) his
consort, â had deposited for the expenses required by these (images).
And, out of the money, which the Niyaya[ngali]lar, â who were attached
to (the image of) Kalyanasundarar, which had been set up by
Trailokyamahadevi, the consort of our lord Sri Rajarajadeva, and to (the
image of) his consort, â had deposited for the expenses required
by these (images), the Keralantaka-vasal-tirumeykappar
(have received) one hundred and eighteen kasu ; the
Anukka-vasal-Tirumeykappar eight kasu ; the
Keralantaka-terinda-parivarattar
thirty-five kasu ; the Singalantaka-terinda-parivarattar one kasu
; and the Parivara-mey-kappargal of Tenkarai-nadu three hundred and
thirty-nine kasu. Altogether, eight hundred kasu were
received after (the harvest of) the pasan in the tenth
year (of the kingâs reign).
2.
For these eight hundred kasu, (they) have to pay every year from
(the harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of the
kingâs reign), as long as the moon and the sun endure, an interest
of one hundred kasu into the treasury of the lord of the
Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple), â the rate of interest being one
eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.
12. On the south wall, first tier
This
inscription, which is dated in the same year as No. 10, records
endowments to an image, the name of which is lost, but can be supplied
with certainty from No.13, and to the image of Chandesvaradeva, which
had been set up by a person, that is also mentioned in the large Leyden
grant.
The members of the assembly of Palliyil in Nenmali-nadu, (a subdivision)
of Arulmorideva-valanadu, have received from Chandesvaradeva, â who is
the first servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up
gladly his abode in (the temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara (at)
Tanjavur, â one hundred and four kasu, viz., thirty-one kasu
out of the money, which the Pandita-Sora-terinda-Villigal,
(a subdivision) of the [Niyayam :]
e[rundanat]tu[Vala]n[gai-ve]laikkara-padaigal,
who were attached to the
lord [of the Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple)], had deposited for the expenses
required by this (image) ; thirteen kasu, which the
Nittavinoda-terinda-valangai-velaikkarar had deposited for the above
(requirements) of this (image) ; and sixty kasu, which the
Niyayam Uttama-Sora-terinda-andalagattalar, â
who were attached to (the image of) Chandesvaradeva, which had
been set up by Perundanam Irayiravan Pa[llavayan], alias
Mummadi-Sora-Posan, alias Uttama-Sora-Pallavaraiyan, â
had deposited for the expenses required by this (image).
2.
For these one hundred and four kasu, (they) have to pay
every year from (the harvest of) the pasan in the tenth
year (of the kingâs reign), as long as the moon and the sun endure,
an interest of thirteen kasu into the treasury of the lord of the
Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple), the rate of interest being one eighth
kasu per year for each kasu.
No.
13. On the south wall, first tier
This
inscription, which is dated in the same year as No. 10, records
endowments to the chief idol of the temple of Rajarajesvara.
Translation
1.
After (the harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of
the reign) of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias the lord
Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva, who, etc.,
the members of the assembly of Perumbalamarudur, a brahmadeya in
Purangarambai-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu, have
received from Chandesvaradeva, â who is the first servant of the
supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his abode in (the
temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara (at) Tanjavur, â eight
hundred and ten kasu, which the
Rajavinoda-terinda-vala[ngai-ve]laikkarar, (a subdivision) of the
Niyayam Perundanattu Valangai-velaikkara-padaigal, who were attached to
the lord of the Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple), had deposited for the
expenses required by this (image) ; two hundred and twenty-three kasu,
which the Chandaparakrama-terinda-valangai-velaikkarar had deposited for
the above (requirements) of this (image) ; and two hundred
and sixtyâ seven kasu, which the Pandita-Sora-terinda â [villigal]
had deposited [for the above (requirements)] of this (image).
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2.
For these eight hundred kasu, (they) have to pay every year from
(the harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of the
kingâs reign), as long as the moon and the sun endure, an interest of
one hundred kasu into the treasury of the lord of the
Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple), â the rate of interest being one
eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.
14. On the south wall, first tier
This
inscription is dated in the same year as No. 10 and records an endowment
to the image of Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar, which had been set up by king
Rajarajadeva.
Translation
1.In
the tenth year (of the reign) of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias
the lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva, who, etc.,
the members of the assembly of Kalappar, a brahmadeya in
Purangarambai-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu, have
received from Chandesvaradeva, â who is the first servant of the
supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his abode in (the
temple called) Sri Rajarajesvara (at) Tanjavur â one
thousand kasu out of the money, which the Niyayam Sirudanattu
Vala[ngai-velaik]kara-padaigalilar, â who had been attached by order
of the king to (the image of) Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar, [which had
been set up by] the lord Sri-Rajaraja[deva], â had deposited for the
requirements of this (image).
2.For
these one thousand kasu [(they) have to pay] every year
from (the harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of
the reign), as long as the moon and the sun endure, an interest of
one hundred and twenty-five kasu [into the treasury of] the lord
[of the Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple)], â the rate of interest
being one eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.15
On the south wall, first tier
Like
No. 14, this inscription is dated n the same year as No. 10 and records
an endowment to the image of dakshina-Meru-Vitankar.
Translation
1.In
the tenth year (of the reign) of Ko-[Parakesarivarman, alias]
the lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva ; who, etc.,
the members of the assembly of Vanganagar, a brahmadeya in
Purangarambai-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu,
[have received from Chandesvaradeva, â who is the first servant of]
the supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his abode in (the
temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara (at) Tanjavur, â
five hundred [kasu] out of the money, which the Niyayam
Sirudanattu Valangai-velaikkara-padaigalilar, â who had been attached
by order of the king to (the image of) Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar,
which had been set up by the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva, â had deposited
for the requirements of this (image).
2.
For these five hundred kaksu, (they) have to pay from (the
harvest of) the pasan [in the tenth year (of the kingâs
reign)] an interest of sixty-two and a half kasu into the
treasury of the lord of the Sri-Rajarajaesvara (temple), â the
rate of interest being one eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.
16. On the south wall, first tier
This
inscription is dated in the same year as No. 10 and records an endowment
in favour of an image, the name of which is lost, but can be supplied
with certainty from Nos. 14 and 15.
Translation
1.In
the tenth year (of the reign) of Kok-Parakesarivarman, alias
the lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva, who, etc.,
the members of the assembly of [K]ori, a brahmadeya in
Purangarambai-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu, have
received from Chandesvaradeya, â who is the first servant of the
supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his abode in (the
temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara (at) Tanjavur, â three
hundred kasu out of the money, which the Niyayam Sirudanattu
Valangai-velaikkara-padaigali[lar], â who had been attached by order
[of the king to (the image of) Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar, which had
been set up by] the lord Sri-Rajaraja-[deva], â had deposited [for the
requirements of this (image)].
2.For
these three hundred kasu, (they) have to pay every year from (the
harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of the kingâs
reign) as long as the moon and the sun endure, an interest of
thirty-seven and a half kasu into the treasury of the lord of the
Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple), â the rate of interest being one
eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.17.
On the south wall, first tier
This
inscription is dated in the same year as No.10 and records an endowment
to the same image as Nos. 14 to 16.
Translation
1.In
the tenth year (of the reign) of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias the
lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva, who, etc.,
(the following) written agreement (kaiyeruttu) (was
entered into) by us, the members of the assembly of
Arinjigai-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in Idaiyala-nadu,
(a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu.
2.(We)
have received after (the harvest of) the pasan in the
tenth year (of the kingâs reign) from Chandesvaradeva, â who
is the first servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased to take
up gladly his abode in (the temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara, â
eight hundred [kasu] out of the money, which the Niyayam
Sirudanattu Valangai-velangai-velaikkara-padaigalilar, â who had been
attached by order of the king to (the image of)
Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar, which had been set up by the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva,
â had deposited for the requirements of this (image). For (these
eight hundred kasu), (we) have [to pay] every year, as long
as [the moon and] the sun endure, and interest of one hundred kasu
into the treasury of the lord, â [the rate of] interest [being one
eighth kasu] per year for each kasu.
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No.
18. On the south wall, first tier.
This
inscription is dated in the same year as No. 10 and records an endowment
to the same image as Nos. 14 to 17.
Translation
1.In
the tenth year (of the reign) of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias the
lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva, who, etc.,
(the following) [written agreement (was entered into) by us the members
of the assembly of] Kundavai-chaturvedimangalam, a brahmadeya in
Idaiyala-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu.
2.
(We) have received after (the harvest of) the pasan
in the tenth year (of the kingâs reign) from Chandesvaradeva,
â who is the first servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased
to take up gladly his abode in (the temple called)
Sri-Rajarajesvara, â five hundred kasu out of the money, which
the Niyayam Sirudanattu Valangai-velaikkara-padaigalilar, â who had
been attached by order of the king to (the image of)
Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar, which had been set up by the lord-Rajarajadeva,
-had deposited for the requirements of this (image). For (these
five hundred kasu), [(we) have to pay] every year, as
long as the moon and the sun endure, [an interest of sixty] two and a
half [kasu into] the treasury of the lord â the rate of
interest being one eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
No.
19. On the south wall, first tier.
This
inscription is dated in the same year as No. 10 and records an endowment
to the same image as Nos.14 to 18.
Translation
1.
In the tenth year (of the reign) of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias
the lord Sri-Rajendra-Soradeva, who etc.,
(the following) written agreement (was entered into) by
us, the members of the assembly of Panaiyur, a brahmadeya in
Purangarambai-nadu, (a subdivision) of Arumorideva-valanadu.
2.
(We) have received from Chandesvaradeva, â who is the first
servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his
abode in (the temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara (at)
Tanjavur, â five hundred kasu out of the money, which the
Niyayam Sirudanattu Valangai-velaikkara-pa[d]ai[galilar], â who had
been attached by order of the king to (the image of)
Dakshina-Vitankar, which had been set up by the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva,
-had deposited [for the requirements of this (image)]. For (these
five hundred kasu), (we) have to pay every year from (the
harvest of) the pasan in the tenth year (of the kingâs
reign), as long as the moon and the sun endure, an interest of
sixty-two and a half kasu into the treasury of the lord of the
Sri-Rajarajaesvara (temple), â the rate of interest being one
eighth kasu per year for each kasu.
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