|
TANJAVUR
Brihadhiswara TEMPLE
Inscriptions
INSCRIPTIONS
ON THE WALLS OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE
No.
91. On the north wall of the
central shrine, lower tier.
This
inscription contains a list o silver utensils presented by king
Rajarajadeva to the temple. They are said to have borne the names
Sivapadasegaran and Sri-Rajarajan
and to have been procured from three sources, viz., (1) the
kingâs treasures, (2) the booty acquired in the war against the Chera
king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu and (3) the silver seized in the same
campaign. The list, however, begins with the gifts made from the
treasures seized after defeating the Chera king and the Panyas in
Malai-nadu. No mention of the other two items occurs in the preserved
portion of the inscription. But as lines 2 to 4 are considerably
damaged, causing almost the complete disappearance of several paragraphs
in each case, we cannot be quite sure that the other two items are not
mentioned. In fact as the enumeration of the vessels is repeated in
different parts of the inscription, it may be presumed that the other
items are also referred to in the damaged portions. For instance, bowls
(mandai) are enumerated in paragraphs 43 to 59 and in paragraphs
128 â 9 ; censers (kalasappanai) in paragraphs 65 to 75 as well
as in paragraph 122 ; small baskets in paragraph 81 as well as in 130 ;
spittoons (padikkam) in paragraph 107 as well as in 139. It is
very unlikely that the utensils described in the latter part of the
inscription were omitted by mistake when the earlier part was engraved.
At the end of the inscription three images of Sri-Vasudeva made of
silver are mentioned. Perhaps these were made from the silver seized in
the campaign against the Chera king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu. The
gold emblems and ornaments seized in the same war are referred to in No.
1, paragraph 51, No. 3, paragraphs 5 and 6, No. 59, paragraphs 2, 3, 4,
9 and 11 and in No. 93 below.
It
is worthy of note that this is the only inscription of the temple which
mentions presents made of silver. Most of the other inscriptions record
gifts of gold. It looks as if the king had more gold and precious stones
at his disposal than silver.
Translation.
Hail
! Prosperity ! The sacred silver utensils (tirupparigalam), etc.,
bearing the sacred names Sivapadasegaran and Sri Rajarajan presented by
the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva until the twenty-ninth year (of his reign)
to the supreme lord of the Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple),â (viz.)
(1) the sacred silver utensils etc., presented from his (own)
treasures (2) the sacred silver utensils, etc.,
acquired after defeating the Chera king and the Panyas in Malai-nadu and
(3) the sacred utensils, etc., made from the silver acquired (as
booty) after defeating the same (enemies) â were engraved (i.e.,
recorded) on stone after (they) had been weighed with the stone
called (after) Adavallan.
2.
(The following are) those given from the treasures seized after
defeating the Chera king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu :-
3.
One trumpet (kalam) (consisting of) three hundred and
seven . . . . . . . . . . . . of silver.
4.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [trumpet] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
5.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.
One trumpet, (consisting of) three hundred and one karanju
and a half of silver.
7.
One trumpet, (consisting of) three hundred and one karanju
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of silver.
8.
One trumpet, (consisting of) two hundred and [ninety]-seven karanju
and a half of silver.
9.
One trumpet, (consisting of) [two hundred] and ninety-two karanju
and a half of silver.
10.
One trumpet, (consisting of) two hundred and eighty-one karanju
and three quarters of silver.
11.
One trumpet, (consisting of) two hundred and seventy-nine karanju
and three-quarters of silver.
12.
One trumpet, (consisting of) two hundred and twenty-five karanju
of silver.
13.
One trumpet, (consisting of) two hundred and eight karanju,
nine manjadi and (one) kunri of silver.
|
14.
One [dish] (taligai), (consisting of) nine hundred and
seventy-three karanju of silver.
15.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and eighty-two karanju
of silver.
16.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and eighty-one karanju
of silver.
17.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and eighty karanju
of silver.
18.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and seventy-[eight karanju]
of silver.
19.
[One dish], (consisting of) nine hundred and seventy-seven karanju
and a half of [silver].
20.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and seventy-three karanju
and a half of silver.
21.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and seventy-one karanju
of silver.
22.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and seventy karanju
of silver.
23.
One dish, (consisting of) nine hundred and sixty-[four] karanju
of silver. [Abut four paragraphs are completely damaged here.]
24.
One dish] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [of silver].
25.
One dish, (consisting of) five hundred and ninety-one karanju
of silver.
26.
One dish, (consisting of) five hundred and nine karanju of
silver.
27.
One dish, (consisting of) four hundred and sixty-one karanju of
silver.
28.
One dish, (consisting of) four hundred and thirty-one karanju
of silver.
29.
One dish, (consisting of) three hundred and eighty-one karanju
and a half of silver.
30.
One dish, (consisting of) three hundred and seventeen karanju
and a half of silver.
31.
One dish, (consisting of) two hundred and eighty-seven karanju
of silver.
32.
One dish, (consisting of) two hundred and eighty-four karanju
of silver.
33.
One dish, (consisting of) two hundred and seventy karanju
of silver.
34.
One dish, (consisting of) two hundred and sixty-two karanju
of silver.
35.
One dish, (consisting of) two hundred and twelve karanju
and a half of silver.
36.
Two (dishes, consisting of) three hundred and eighty-four karanju
of silver â at one hundred and ninety-two karanju of silver for
one dish.
37.
One dish, (consisting of) one hundred and eighty-nine karanju
of silver.
38.
One dish, (consisting of) one hundred and eighty-five karanju
of silver.
39.
One dish, (consisting of) one hundred and seventy-[eight] karanju
of silver.
40.
One dish, (consisting of) one hundred and sixty-six karanju
and a half of silver.
41.
One dish, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . karanju
. . . . . . . . . . . . . of silver.
|
>
|
|
42.
One dish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [About four paragraphs are
completely damaged here.]
43.
One bowl, (mandai), (consisting of) three hundred and
ninety-one karanju of silver.
44.
One bowl, (consisting of) three hundred . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.three karanju of silver.
45.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and forty karanju of
silver.
46.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and twenty-seven karanju
of silver.
47.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and twenty-six karanju
of silver.
48.
Four (bowls), (consisting of) nine hundred karanju
(of silver) â at two hundred and twenty-five karanju of
silver for one bowl.
49.
Two (bowls), (consisting of) four hundred and forty-eight karanju
of silver â at two hundred and twenty-four karanju of silver
for one bowl.
50.
Two (bowls), (consisting of) four hundred and [sixty]-six karanju
of silver â at two hundred and [thirty]-three karanju of silver
for one bowl.
51.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and twenty-one karanju
of silver.
52.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and twenty karanju
of silver.
53.
Two (bowls), (consisting of) four hundred and thirty-eight karanju
of silver â at two hundred and nineteen karanju of silver for
one bowl.
54.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and eighteen karanju
of silver.
55.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and seventeen karanju of
silver.
56.
One bowl, (consisting of) [two] hundred and fifteen karanju
of silver.
57.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. of silver. [About four paragraphs are almost completely damaged
here as in the previous line].
58.
One bowl, (consisting of) one hundred and seventy-seven karanju
and a half of silver.
59.
One bowl, (consisting of) one hundred and sixty-five karanju
of silver.
60.
One water-pot (kudam), (consisting of) seven hundred and
five karanju of silver.
61.
One water-pot, (consisting of) six hundred and ninety-two karanju
of silver.
62.
One water-pot, (consisting of) six hundred and twenty karanju
of silver.
63.
One water-pot, (consisting of) five hundred and ninety-five karanju
of silver.
64.
One water-pot, (consisting of) five hundred and ninety karanju
of silver.
65.
One censer (kalasappanai), (consisting of) . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . twenty karanju of silver.
66.
One censer, (consisting of) nine hundred . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . karanju of silver.
67.
One censer, (consisting of) seven hundred and ten karanju
of silver.
68.
One censer, (consisting of) five hundred and fifty-eight karanju
of silver, including four karanju and (one) kunri of gold
laid [over it].
69.
One censer, (consisting of) five hundred and thirty-seven karanju
of silver.
70.
One censer, (consisting of) [five hundred and four] karanju
of silver.
71.
One censer, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
seventy-one karanju of silver.
72.
One censer, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sixty
karanju of silver.
73.
One censer, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hundred and forty-six karanju . . . . . . .
74.
One censer, (consisting of) three hundred and seventy-nine karanju
of silver.
75.
One censer, (consisting of) one hundred and forty . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . karanju of silver. [Five or six paragraphs are
completely damaged here].
|
>
|
|
76.
One [basket with a spout] (mukku-vattagai),
(consisting of) four hundred and eleven karanju of silver.
77.
One basket with a spout, (consisting of) four hundred . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .of silver.
78.
Two (baskets with spouts), (consisting of) two hundred and
seventy-eight karanju of silver â at [one hundred] and
thirty-nine karanju of [silver for one basket with a spout].
79.
One basket with a spout, (consisting of) one hundred and ten karanju
of silver.
80.
One basket with a spout, (consisting of) one hundred and
seventy-five karanju and a half of silver.
81.
One small basket (kai-vattagai), (consisting of) five
hundred and sixty-seven karanju and half of silver.
82.
One cup (vattil), (consisting of) fifty-six karanju
and a half of silver.
83.
One cup, (consisting of) fifty-two karanju and a quarter
of silver.
84.
One cup, (consisting of) fifty-one karanju of silver.
85.
One cup, (consisting of) fifty karanju and a half of
silver.
86.
One cup, (consisting of) forty-five karanju and a half of
silver.
87.
One cup, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . karanju
of silver.
88.
One cup, (consisting of) forty-three karanju of silver.
89.
One cup, (consisting of) forty-one karanju and a half of
silver.
90.
[One cup], (consisting of) forty karanju and a half of
silver.
91.
Two (cups), (consisting of) [seventy]-six karanju
of silver â at thirty-[eight karanju] of silver for one cup.
92.
One cup, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of silver.
(Five
or six paragraphs are completely damaged here].
93.
[Of this paragraph only the word karanju is preserved.]
94.
One cup, (consisting of) twenty-nine karanju of silver.
95.
One cup, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . karanju
and a half of silver.
96.
One cup, (consisting of) twenty-six karanju of silver.
97.
Three (cups), (consisting of) seventy-five karanju
of silver â at twenty-five karanju of silver for one cup.
98.
One cup, (consisting of) twenty-four karanju and . . . . .
. . . . . . of silver.
99.
Two (cups), (consisting of) forty-one karanju and a
half of silver â at twenty karanju and three quarters of silver
for one cup.
100.
One cup, (consisting of) twenty karanju and a half of
silver.
101.
One cup, (consisting of) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . silver.
102.
One cup, (consisting of) thirty-seven karanju of silver.
103.
One receptacle for sacred ashes (madal), (consisting of)
twenty-nine karanju of silver.
104.
One pingalam
(consisting of) one hundred and fifty-nine karanju of
silver.
105.
One pingalam, (consisting of) one hundred and fifty-five karanju
of silver.
106.
One kachcholam,
(consisting of) twenty-seven karanju and a half of silver.
107.
One spittoon (padikkam), (consisting of) seven hundred and
thirteen karanju of silver.
108.
One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (consisting of) . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . karanju of silver.
109.
One [spittoon] with three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and two
rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .three hundred . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . of silver.
[Five
or six paragraphs are completely damaged here].
110.
One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (consisting of)
thirty-two karanju and a half of silver.
111.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [fifty] karanju . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
112.
One . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . (consisting of) one hundred and
seventy-eight karanju of silver.
113.
One ladle (sattuvam), (consisting of) one hundred and
forty-one karanju of silver.
114.
One ladle, (consisting of) seventy-three karanju and a
half of silver.
115.
One spoon for (serving) ghee (ney-muttai), (consisting
of) eighty-seven karanju of silver.
116.
One spoon for (serving) ghee, (consisting of) thirty-nine karanju
of silver.
117.
One spoon for (serving) ghee, (consisting of) twenty-[six] karanju
of silver
118.
One [water-pot] (kudam), (consisting of) nine hundred and seventy . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . of silver.
119.
One water-pot, (consisting of) nine hundred and fifty-two karanju
of silver.
120.
One water-pot, (consisting of) nine hundred and forty-seven karanju
of silver.
121.
One water-pot, (consisting of) nine hundred and forty-nine karanju
and three quarters of silver.
122.
One censer (kalasappanai), (consisting of) . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . karanju of silver.
123.
One [pot] (kalasam), (consisting of) five hundred and four
karanju and a quarter of silver.
124.
One pot, (consisting of) five hundred and one karanju and
a quarter of silver.
|
>
|
|
125.
One [pot], (consisting of) four hundred . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . karanju and a quarter of silver.
126.
One pot, (consisting of) four hundred and eighty-three karanju
of silver.
127.
One pot, (consisting of) four [hundred] . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . [karanju and a half] of silver.
[Five
or six paragraphs are completely damaged here].
128.
One bowl (mandai), (consisting of) two hundred and
[ninety]-six karanju and a half of silver.
129.
One bowl, (consisting of) two hundred and ninety-one karanju
and a quarter of silver.
130.
One [small] basket (kai-vattagai), (consisting of) nine
hundred and seventy karanju of silver.
131.
One long receptacle for sacred ashes (nedu-madal), (consisting
of) one hundred and ninety-six karanju of silver.
132.
One long receptacle for sacred ashes, (consisting of) one hundred
and eighty-eight karanju and a half of silver.
134.
Three (salvers), (consisting of) one hundred and forty-six
karanju and a quarter of silver â at forty-eight karanju and
three quarters of silver for one salver (tattam).
135.
Three (salvers), (consisting of) one hundred and forty-five karanju
and three quarters, two manjadi and (one) kunri of silver
â at forty-eight karanju and a half, two manjadi and (one)
kunri of salver for one salver.
136.
Two (salvers), (consisting of) ninety-seven karanju
and four manjadi of silver â at forty-eight karanju and
a half and two manjadi of silver for one salver.
137.
One salver, (consisting of) forty-eight karanju and a half
of silver.
138.
[One salver], (consisting of) forty-seven karanju and a
quarter of silver.
139.
One spittoon (padikkam), (consisting of) one thousand one
hundred and [ninety]-nine karanju of silver.
140.
One betel-leaf salver (ilaittattu), (consisting of) one
thousand two hundred and twenty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of
silver.
141.
One betel-leaf salver, (consisting of) one thousand . . . . . . .
. . . . . of silver.
[Five
or six paragraphs are completely damaged here].
142.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one hundred and seventy-five karanju
. . . . . ..
143.
One aureola (prabhai) of this god, (consisting of) two
hundred and thirty-two karanju of silver.
144.
One (image of) Sri-Vasudeva, (consisting of) [one
thousand] and forty-three karanju of silver.
145.
One aureola of this god, (consisting of) two hundred and eleven karanju
and a half of silver.
146.
One (image of) Sri-Vasudeva, (consisting of) one hundred
and thirty karanju of silver.
147.
One aureola of the same god, (consisting of) seventeen karanju
and a quarter of silver, including (one) karanju and a
half and (one) kunri of gold laid over (its) rays (sudar).
148.
One (image of) Sri-[Vasu] deva, (consisting of) three hundred and
fifty-four karanju of silver.
No.
92. On the South wall, Third tier.
This
inscription records the assignment of certain villages in Tondai-nadu or
Jayangonda-Chola-mandalam, Pandi-nadu or Rajaraja-mandalam, Ganga-padi,
Nulamba-padi also called Nigarili-Sora-padi, Malai-nadu and Iram
(Ceylon) or Mummadi-Chola-mandalam. This is, consequently, the
continuation of No. 4, which registers the gift by Rajarajadeva of
villages in the Chola country (Sora-mandalam) and in other
countries (puramandalangal). The villages of the former are
enumerated in Nos. 4 and 5, and those of the other provinces in the
present inscription. The latter is considerably damaged. The number of
villages outside the Chola country whose revenues were assigned to the
temple is, however, comparatively small. None the less, they show that
the conquest of those provinces claimed for Rajarajadeva in his numerous
Tamil inscriptions was not a mere victorious inroad but a more or less
permanent occupation of them. The omission of minute details of
measurement which are mentioned in connection with the villages of the
Chola country is a point worthy of note. The previous owners and ryots
are declared, in most cases, to have been replaced. Evidently, the
original holdings were altered and those holders who were prepared to
accept the conquerorâs proposals were put in. Outside the Chola
country, the revenue payable to the king was partly in kind and partly
in gold or money, while the villages paying revenue in money was
comparatively rare in the Chola country. In Ceylon, which was called
Mummadi-Chola-mandalam, the villages were required to remit the revenue
partly in paddy and partly in iluppai-pal,
which was evidently required for the lamps to be burnt in the temple.
This again shows the kingâs solicitude to provide for the requirements
of the temple.
Among
the villages and subdivisions of provinces mentioned in the inscription,
Oyma-nadu is an ancient territorial designation known to early Tamil
literature. It is the tract of country in which the modern town of
Tindivanam in the South Arcot District is situated.
Consequently, the village of Perayur in Oyma-nadu has to be looked for
in the neighbourhood of Tindivanam. Padi-nadu in Ganga-padi has been
located by Mr. Rice in the Mysore District of the Mysore State.
The village of Alur in Padinadu may be identical with Alur in the
Chamarajnagar taluka of the Mysore District where a Tamil inscription of
the time of the Chola king Vijaya-Rajendradeva has been found by Mr.
Rice (Ch. 69). The villages of Kusavur and Kudalur belonged to
Parivai-nadu in Nulamba-padi alias Nigarili-Sora-padi.
Parivai-nadu probably owes its name to the Bana capital Parivai or
Parivipuri,
which may be identified with Parigi in the Anantapur District.
Nulamba-padi also called Nigarili-Sora-padi appears to have extended
into the Anantapur District, as Hemavati (called Penjeru in
inscriptions) was its ancient capital.
I have not been above to identify Pudukkodu in Vellappa-nadu, a district
of Malai-nadu. Four villages of Malai-nadu seem to have been assigned
(paragraphs 8 to 11). But their assessment is not specified.
|
>
|
|
To
territorial divisions of Ceylon are mentioned, viz.,
Mappisumbu-kottiyaram and Kanakkan-kottiyaram. The former was called
Rajaraja-valanadu and the latter Vikrama-Chola-valanadu, while Ceylon
itself was known as Mummadi-Chola-mandalam. The fiscal terms pavumanaittum
payappagadi and taranduvachchal I am unable to explain. But
the fact that five villages in Ceylong were required to contribute to
the expenses of the Tanjore temple shows that the island was a province
of the Chola empire during the reign of Rajaraja I.
Translation.
Hail
! Prosperity ! (The village of) Perayur in Perayur-nadu, (a subdivision)
of Oyma-nadu, (a district) of Tondai-nadu alias
Jayangonda-Sora-mandalam, had (its) previous owners replaced and ryots
removed. The revenue paid by this village as tax, including karanmai
and miygatchi and excess or deficiency (in measurement) is
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . six kalam . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . three nari of paddy, measured by the marakkalcalled
(after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari. The
gold (due from the same village) is one hundred and nine karanju,
nine manjadi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . had (its) previous owners
replaced and ryots removed. The revenue paid by this village as tax,
including karanmai and miygatchi and excess or deficiency
(in measurement), is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .. of paddy measured by the marakkal called
(after) Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari. The
gold (due from the same village) is two hundred and two karanju,
[thirteen] manjadi, one-tenth and three-fortieths.
3.
(The village of) Andak[kudi] in Perumbur-nadu, (a district)
of Pandinadu alias Rajaraja-mandalam, had (its) previous owners
replaced. The revenue paid by this village as tax,â including irai-kadan
[ura] vukol-[nilan]-kasu, katchi-erudukasu
and urkkaranju-kasu on the land of this village, (viz.,)
sixteen and a half (veli), four ma, three kani and kir-arai,â
together with karanmai and miygatchi and excess or
deficiency (in measurement) and excluding the land (mudal)
(set off against?) . . . . . . . . . . . . and paravirai which (constitute
the) portion (vagai) of the cultivators (vellan),â
is (one) hundred and twenty-three kalam, seven kuruni
and seven nari of paddy, measured by the marakkal called (after)
Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari. (The money due from
the same village) is two hundred and eighty-four kasu and a
half, two-twentieths and one-eightieth and one hundred and sixtieth.
4.
(The village of) Alur in Padi-nadu, (a district) of
Ganga-padi, had (its) previous owners replaced. The [gold] paid by this
village as tax including karanmai and miygatchi and excess
of deficiency (in measurement) is five hundred karanju.
5.
(The village of) I . . . . . . . . . . . mur in . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . nadu, (a district) of Ganga-padi, had (its) previous
owners [replaced]. The gold paid as tax including karanmai and miygatchi
and excess or deficiency (in measurement) is [five hundred] karanju.
6.
The revenue paid as tax by (the village of) Kusavur, a devadana
and brahmadeya in Parivai-nadu, (a subdivision) of
Nula[mba-padi alias Nigarili-Sora]padi, is [nin] thousand . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . of paddy
measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan, which
is equal to a rajakesari.
7.
The revenue paid as tax by (the village of) Kudalur, a devadana
and brahmadeya in Parivai-nadu, (a subdivision) of [Nulamba]-padi
alias Nigarili-Sora-padi, is twelve thousand eight hundred and
forty-two kalam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of
paddy measured by the marakkal called (after) Adavallan,
which is equal to a rajakesari. The gold (due from the same
village). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . including . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . and [mi]ygatchi and excess or deficiency (in
measurement).
9.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . had (its) previous owners
replaced. It was granted with karanmai and miygatchi and
excess or deficiency (in meaurement).
10.
(The village of) Pudukkodu in Vellappa-nadu, (a subdivision)
of Malai-nadu, had (its) previous owners . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . including . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . [of Vellappa-nadu in Malai]-nadu . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . It was granted with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [mi]ygatchi
and excess or [deficiency] (in measurement).
12.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mappisumbu-kottiyaram alias
Rajaraja-valanadu, (a district) of [Iram alias
Mumma[di-Sora-mandalam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The
revenue paid as tax including . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . payappagadi taranduvachchal is three thousand one
hundred and sixty-four kalam, two tuni and two nari
of paddy, measured by the marakkal called (after)
Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari ; and (the money)
twelve and a half kasu ; (also) two kalam . . . . .
. . . . . . . of iluppai-pal.
13.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Mappisumbu-kottiyaram alias
Rajarajavalanadu, (a district) of Iram alias
Mummadi-Sora-mandalam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . land (measuring)
. . . . . . . . .. . . . and a quarter. The revenue paid as tax
including pavumanaittum payappagadi tarandavachchal is [one
hundred] and seventeen kalam, two tum, three kuruni,
and two nari of paddy measured by the marakkal called (after)
Adavallan, which is equal to a rajakesari ; and (the money)
twenty-two kasu ; and iluppai-pal, three kalam, (one)
kuruni and four nari.
14.
The land in . . . . . . . . . . . nattu . vitti. In
Mappisumbu-Kottiyaram alias Rajaraja-valanadu, (a district) of
Iram alias Mummadi-Sora-mandalam (measuring) (one) hundred and
eighty-three and three ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . pavumanaittum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . by the mara[kkal] called (after) Adavallan which is
equal to a rajakesari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . six ; and iluppai-pal, four kalam
and six nari.
15.
The land in Masar, (a village) of Kanakkana-kottiyaram alias
Vikkirama-Sora-valanadu, (a district) of Iram alias
Mummadi-Sora-mandalam, (measuring) three hundred and fifty-three and two
ma and a half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
including pavumanaittum payappagadi taranduvachchal . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . four hundred and fifty-eight and three-fourths.
16.
The land I. n a., (a village) of [Kanakkan-kottiyaram] alias
Vikkirama-Sora-valanadu â (a district) of Iram [alias
Mummadi-Sora-mandalam] (measuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one ma
and a half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pavumanaittum
payappagadi taranduvachchal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
No.
93. On the South wall, third tier.
This
inscription enumerates the jeweled ornaments presented by the king out
of the treasures seized from the Cheras and Pandyas and out of his own
treasures. They comprise necklaces; armlets; bracelets; rings; sandals
made of wood, covered with gold plates and set with jewels ; and others.
Four of the rings had the nine gems set on them, viz., diamond,
sapphire, pearl, topaz, cinnamon stone, coral, emerald, lapis lazuli and
ruby. The mention of the nine gems occurs only here among the Tanjore
inscriptions. Another interesting ornament is what is known as sonagachchidukkin-kudu.
It is not clear what a sidukku was and where it was worn.
But that the ornament was made after the fashion of the Jonakas is very
interesting. The donor in No. 28 above was apparently a Sonagan. One of
the donors mentioned in No. 95 below (paragraphs 45, 74 and 75) is the
Jonaka Savur Paranjodi. The Jonakas were, therefore, known in Tanjore
about the time of which we are speaking. The Muhammadans who are at
present denoted by the term jonaka are altogether precluded, as
they had not come to the south at the time. Perhaps, there were some
reminiscences of Greek influence which had prevailed at the time when
mercantile relations existed between the South of India and the Roman
Empire. It may also be that Savur Paranjodi was an Arab from the west
coast. In any case, it is worthy of note that he had assumed the purely
Hindu name Paranjodi.
This
inscription is probably a continuation of Nos. 3 and 59 above, which
give a list of ornaments made of gold and jewels presented by the king.
Translation.
Hail
! Prosperity! In the 29th year (of the reign) of king
Rajakesarivarman alias Sri-Rajarajadeva, who,â in the belief
that as well as the goddess of fortune, the goddess of the great earth
had become his wife,â was pleased to destroy the ships (at)
Kandalur-Salai, and conquered by (his) exceedingly brave and
victorious army, Vengai-nadu, Ganga-padi, Tadigai-padi, Nulamba-padi,
Kudamalai-nadu, Kollam, Kalingam, Ira-mandalam, (the conquest of
which) made (him) famous (in) the eight directions, and the
seven and a half lakshas of Iratta-padi,â and who deprived the Seriyas
of (their) splendour at the very time when his strength shone so
as to be worshipped in all quarters at all times â
the sacred ornaments (tiru-vabharanangal) (set)
with jewels (ratnam), presented until the 29th year
(of the kingâs reign) to the supreme lord
(paramasvamin) of the Sri-Rajarajesvara (temple) by the
lord Sri-Rajarajadeva, from the treasures which he had seized after
defeating the Chera king and the Pandyas and from his own treasures . .
. . . . . . . . . . . set in gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jewels strung . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . Excluding the thread
(saradu), the frames (sattam) and the copper nails (seppani)
and including the lac (arakku) and the pinju among the
jewels set (without gold ?), were engraved (i.e., recorded) on
stone as follows, after having been weighed with the stone called (after)
Dakshinameru-Vitankan.
|
>
|
|
2.
One necklace (kandanan) weighing (altogether) one hundred
and seventy karanju and seven manjadi and worth five
hundred kasu. On (it) were set fifteen rubies, sixteen
emeralds and [twenty]-eight diamonds, and forty pearls in all, (viz.,)
polished pearls, kurumuttu and payittam were stitched (on
it.)
3.
One necklace, weighing, â inclusive of the twenty-four diamonds,
twenty-three rubies and six emeralds set on (it),-one hundred . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . karanju and a quarter and worth three
hundred and sixty kasu.
4.
One necklace, weighing,-inclusive of the sixty-four diamonds, three
rubies and four emeralds set on (it), â sixty â [four] karanju,
six manjadi and (one) kunri, and worth two hundred
and twenty kasu.
5.
One necklace, with one sapphire (nilam), (viz.,) a komalam,
strung on (it), weighing fifty-one and a quarter karanju
[and worth] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kasu.
6.
One necklace, with a center piece (set with) jewels and weighing
altogether sixty-four karanju and a quarter . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . [and worth] two hundred and fifty-two [kasu]. On (it)
were set sixty-six diamonds, forty-three rubies, thirty-four emeralds
and twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [chains] (tudar).
7.
One necklace, set with . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.
One composite necklace (?pulligai-kandanan), weighing, â
inclusive of the seventy-six diamonds, twenty-four rubies and fourteen
emeralds set on the three strings (nan), â one hundred and
twenty karanju, and worth three hundred and one kasu.
9.
One composite necklace, with one ball (? Kandu), [forty] rubies,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. emeralds . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.[sapphire] . . . . . . . . . . . . . set on (it) . . . . . . . .
. . . and worth one hundred and one kasu.
10.
One composite necklace, weighing, inclusive of the fifty-four diamonds,
and seven rubies set on (it), eighty-three karanju and
one-eighth, and worth two hundred and . . . . . . . and a quarter kasu.
11.
One garland of rays (pasamalai),
weighing altogether . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . nine . . . . . . . . .
. . . and worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . hundred . . . . . . . . . . .
. . kasu. On (it) were set seventy-five diamonds,
seventy rubies and forty-one potti ; and eighty-three pearls in
all, (viz.,) polished pearls small pearls and nimbolam,
were strung (on it).
12.
[One] . . . . . . . . . . . weighing, inclusive of the forty-five
diamonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rubies, ten emeralds and
thirty-nine potti [set on] (it) and . . . . . . . . . . .
pearls . . . . . . . . . . . twenty-four karanju and six manjadi,
and worth one hundred and two kasu and a quarter.
13.
One marriage-badge (tali) or rubies, weighing, inclusive of the
eight diamonds and one ruby set on (it) and one ruby, (viz.)
a halahalam, [stitched] (on it) . . . . . . . . . . . . . fifty kasu.
14.
One sacred armlet (sri bahuvalaya), weighing, inclusive of the
two crystals (palingu), one agavisadi, one amethyst (sugandhi)
and three kuppi fastened on (it) . . . . . . . . . . . . karanju
and one manjadi, and worth fifty-five kasu and a quarter.
15.
One sacred armlet, weighing, â inclusive of the one ruby, one
amethyst, three inferior rubies (kuruvindam) and three kuppi
set on (it), â twenty-nine karanju, seven manjadi and
(one) kunri, and worth . . . . . . . . . . . four kasu.
16.
One breast-plate (padakkam), weighing,â inclusive of the
inferior ruby set on (it),â nine karanju, (one) manjadi,
and worth twenty-seven kasu.
17.
One jeweled bracelet (ratnavalaiyil), weighing,â inclusive of
the forty-five rubies set (on it),â nine karanju, (one)
manjadi and eight ma, and worth [twenty] kasu and a
half and one-twentieth.
18.
One jeweled bracelet, weighing,â inclusive of the twenty rubies twenty
emeralds set on (it),â four karanju and [eight] manjadi,
and worth . . . . . . . . . . . . kasu and a quarter.
19.
One jeweled bracelet, weighing,-inclusive of the eighteen rubies and
eighteen emeralds set on (it) . . . . . . . karanju and
half . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20.
. . . . . . . . . . . .weighing,â inclusive of . . . . . . . . . . the
eight rubies, â fourteen karanju and a half and four manjadi
and worth thirty-two kasu and three-quarters.
21.
One jeweled bracelet, weighing, â inclusive of the twenty pearls,
twenty rubies and forty potti set on (it),-sixteen karanju
and a half and two manjadi, and worth forty-five kasu.
22.
One jeweled bracelet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and two manadi,
and worth [thirty] kasu.
23.
One sacred arm-ring (tirukkaikkarai),-weighing, inclusive of . .
. . . . . . diamonds, thirty-four rubies and eighteen emeralds set on (it),
â nine karanju and a half, three manjadi and (one)
kunri, and worth thirty kasu and a quarter.
24.
One jeweled bracelet (ratnakatakam), weighing, â inclusive of
the thirty-six diamonds, twenty-five rubies and ten emeralds set on (it),
â nine karanju and a half, three manjadi and (one)
kunri, and worth . . . . . . . . . . . . kasu.
25.
One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rubies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three-fourths and (one) manjadi, and worth . . . . . . .
. kasu and a quarter.
26.
One coral bracelet (pavara-kadagam),â inclusive of the ten corals set
on (it),â [twenty karanju], nine manjadi and
three-tenths, and worth thirty-eight kasu.
27.
One coral bracelet, weighing,â inclusive of the ten corals set on
(it),â twenty karanju, three quarters of a manjadi and
[eight] tenths, and worth forty-one kasu and a half.
28.
[One] sacred girdle (tiruppattigai) with string (nan), the
principal ruby (?arasimanikkam), eye (padugan), kallippu,
large string (perum nan), with small bells (kingini)
stringed mango-shaped beads (mangay) and front-piece (having) ornamental
knobs (kimbirimugam), weighing,â inclusive of the [fifteen nimbolam],
sixteen . . . . . . . . and nineteen potti,â two hundred and
forty-three karanju and a half, three manjadi and
three-tenths, and worth four hundred and six kasu.
29.
One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . weighing, inclusive of the five diamonds
set on (it) . . . . . . . rubies . . . . . . . . . . three-fourths (of a
karanju ?) and (one) kunri and worth two kasu.
30.
One pearl uruttu, weighing,â inclusive of the three [diamonds],
three rubies and three potti set on (it), and one pearl (each
of ?) nimbolam and varai stitiched (on it), â three
quarters (of a karanju), three manjadi and (one) kunri,
and worth twenty kasu.
31.
One pearl uruttu, weighing,â inclusive of the three diamonds,
three rubies and three potti set on (it) ; one pearl (each of
?) nimbolam and varai stitiched (on it) . . . . . .
. . . . . . manjadi, (one) kunri, and worth twenty kasu.
32.
One ruby uruttu, weighing,â inclusive of the three diamonds,
three rubies and three emeralds set on (it) and . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. stitched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33.
One ruby uruttu, weighing,â inclusive of the three diamonds,
three rubies and three emeralds set on (it) and one ruby (each
of ?) sattam and ilaisuni
stitched (on it), â (one) karanju and three quarter and three manjadi, and worth twenty-five kasu.
34.
One diamond uruttu weighing,â inclusive of the five diamonds .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rubies . . . . . . . . . rubies . .
. . . . . . . . . . set on (it), three quarters (of a karanju)
and seven ma, and worth . . . . . . kasu.
|
>
|
|
35.
One sonagachchidukkin-kudu,
weighing, â inclusive of the nine rubies and nine emeralds set on (it),-three
quarters (of a karanju), four manjadi and (one) kunri,
and worth four kasu.
36.
One sonagachchcidukkin-kudu, weighing,-inclusive f the nine
rubies and nine emeralds set on (it),â (one) karanju, nine . . . . . .
. . . and worth four kasu and one-twentieth.
37.
[One] jeweled [ring] (ratna-modiram), weighing,â inclusive] of . . . .
. . . . . . . . .twelve . . . . . . . . . and one . . . . . . . . . . .
. [set on] (it),â [two karnaju and three quarters and
four] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and worth . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . kasu.
38.
One jeweled ring, weighing,â inclusive of the four diamonds and one
ruby set on (it),â (one) karanju and . . . . . . . . manjadi,
and [worth] . . . . . . . . . [kasu].
39.
One [jeweled] ring, weighing, -inclusive of the one sapphire set on (it),â
seven manjadi and (one) kunri and worth one kasu.
40.
One [jeweled ring], weighing, â inclusive of . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . rajavarttam set on (it), â (one) karanju
and nine manjadi, and worth two kasu.
41.
One jeweled ring, weighing,â inclusive of the one inferior ruby (kuruvindam)
set on (it),â half a karanju, four manjadi and
(one) kunri and worth one kasu.
42.
One nine-jewelled ring (nava-ratna-modiram),â inclusive of one
diamond one sapphire, [one] pearl, one topaz (pushyaraga),
one cinnamon stone (komedagam), one coral, one emerald, one lapis
lazuli (vidurya) and one ruby set on (it),â . . . . . .
. karanju and three quarters two manjadi and (one) kunri,
and [worth] . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . [kasu].
43.
One nine-jewelled ring, weighing,â inclusive of the nine gems (set
on it),â two karanju and [six] manjadi, and worth
five kasu.
44.
One nine-jewelled ring, weighing,â inclusive of the nine gems (set
on it),â (one) karanju, three manjadi and (one)
kunri, and worth three kasu.
45.
One nine jeweled ring, weighing,-inclusive of the nine gems (set on
it),â two karanju, seven manjadi and (one) kunri,
and worth three kasu.
46.
[One] . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . weighing,â inclusive of the two
rubies, three . . . . . . . . . . . and one . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . set on (it),â sixty-seven karanju and a half, three manjadi
and (one) kunri, and worth . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . [kasu].
47.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .weighing,â inclusive of the one . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . of superior quality (kunaviyadu) adhering [to
the ore],
with several cavities
and white specks, (set on it),â one hundred and eighty-one karanju,
and worth five hundred kasu.
48.
One prishtakandigai, weighing,â inclusive of the four diamonds,
twenty-six kuppivayiram four crystal diamonds, six potti
and nine inferior rubies (kuruvindam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . set on (it) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fifty-five karanju and three quarters, three manjadi and (one)
kunri, and worth one hundred and three kasu.
49.
One sacred pearl ornament (sri-chhandam),
weighing altogether thirty-eight karanju, seven manjadi
and nine tenths and worth forty kasu. On (it) were set
four diamonds, eight rubies, (viz.,) nalam and komalam
and five emeralds ; (on it) were strung (or) stitched in
all . . . . . . . . . . pearls, viz., round pearls, roundish
pearls, polished pearls, nimbolam, payittam, ambumudu, sakkattu,
(pearls) of brilliant water and red water, (pearls) with
rubbed surface and those with cracked surface.
50.
One sandal for the sacred right foot, weighing,â inclusive of the ten
crystals and thirty-eight crystal diamonds fastened on (it),â
twenty-eight karanju and a quarter, and worth fifty-seven kasu.
51.
One sandal for the sacred left foot, weighing,â inclusive of the ten
crystals and thirty-eight crystal diamonds fastened on (it),â
twenty-eight karanju and a quarter, and worth fifty-seven kasu.
52.
One sandal for the sacred right foot, (made) of wood and covered
over with gold (plates), weighing one hundred and ten [karanju],
inclusive of the ninety-seven superior rubies, (viz.,) halahalam
and komalam, and, the fifty diamonds set on (it), and the
wood and the fastenings. (Its) price (was) two hundred kasu.
53.
One sandal for the sacred left foot, (made) of wood and covered
over with gold (plates), weighing one hundred and thirteen karanju,
inclusive of the ninety-eight superior rubies, (viz.,) halahalam
and komalam and fifty-one diamonds set on (it), and the
wood and the fastenings. (Its) price (was) two hundred kasu.
54.
One sandal for the sacred right foot, (made) of wood and the upper part
covered over with gold (plates), weighing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . one quarter inclusive of the four superior rubies (viz.,)
komalam and halahalam, and twenty-five potti set on
(it) ; the one hundred and eighty crystals and three hundred and
fourteen diamond crystals fastened (on it) ; and the wood and the
fastenings. (Its) price (was) sixty-five kasu.
55.
One sandal for the sacred left foot, (made) of wood and the upper part
covered over with gold (plates), weighing one hundred and forty karanju
and a quarter, inclusive of the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rubies (viz.,)
komalam and halahalam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . set on
(it) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . three hundred and twenty-one . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . and the wood and the fastenings. (Its) price (was)
sixty-five kasu.
|
>
|
|
56.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . presented out of the treasures which the
lord Sri-Rajarajadeva had seized after defeating the Chera king and the
Pandyas . . . . . . . . . . . . . manjadi and six tenths (On it)
were fastened [forty]-one crystals, weighing, . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . manjadi ; seventy-seven crystal diamonds, weighing
(one) manjadi and (one) kunri ; eighteen potti,
weighing eight manjadi and four tenths . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . weighing two karanju and nine manjadi ; the
total weight being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . two manjadi
and (one) kunri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . weighed by the
Dakshinameru-Vitankan ; sixty-four pearls in all strung (on it) out of
the pearls which the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva had poured out as flowers at
the sacred feet and with which he had worshipped the feet of the god,
(viz.) round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls and small pearls,
weighingâ¦â¦â¦â¦â¦â¦.manjadi. The total weight (was)
ninety-one karanju and a half and (one) manjadi and the
price two hundred kasu.
Home
Page
|
>
|
|
