The Indian Analyst
 

South Indian Inscriptions


 

Contents

Preface

Introduction

Brihadhiswara Temple Inscriptions 

Part I

Part III

Part IV

Other South-Indian Inscriptions 

Volume 1

Volume 2

Volume 3

Vol. 4 - 8

Volume 9

Volume 10

Volume 11

Volume 12

Volume 13

Volume 14

Volume 15

Volume 16

Volume 17

Volume 18

Volume 19

Volume 20

Volume 22
Part 1

Volume 22
Part 2

Volume 23

Volume 24

Volume 26

Volume 27

Tiruvarur

Darasuram

Konerirajapuram

Tanjavur

Annual Reports 1935-1944

Annual Reports 1945- 1947

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume 2, Part 2

Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume 7, Part 3

Kalachuri-Chedi Era Part 1

Kalachuri-Chedi Era Part 2

Epigraphica Indica

Epigraphia Indica Volume 3

Epigraphia
Indica Volume 4

Epigraphia Indica Volume 6

Epigraphia Indica Volume 7

Epigraphia Indica Volume 8

Epigraphia Indica Volume 27

Epigraphia Indica Volume 29

Epigraphia Indica Volume 30

Epigraphia Indica Volume 31

Epigraphia Indica Volume 32

Paramaras Volume 7, Part 2

Śilāhāras Volume 6, Part 2

Vākāṭakas Volume 5

Early Gupta Inscriptions

Archaeological Links

Archaeological-Survey of India

Pudukkottai

  TANJAVUR Brihadhiswara TEMPLE Inscriptions 

INSCRIPTIONS ON THE WALLS OF THE CENTRAL  SHRINE

No. 7. On the south wall, second tier

As remarked on page 68, the following inscription is engraved in continuation of the preceding No.6. It describes thirteen ornaments of gold and jewels, which Arvar Parantakan Kundavaiyar gave ‘to (the goddess) Umaparamesvari, who is the consort of our lord Dakshina-Meru-Vintankar,’ until the 3rd year of the reign of Ko-Paakesari-varman, alias Rajendra-Choladeva.

Translation

1. Hail ! Prosperity! Until the third year (of the reign) of Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias  the lord (udaiyar) Sri-Rajendra-Soradeva, — Arvar Parantakan Kundavaiyar, (who was) the venerable elder sister of the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva (and) the great queen of Vallavaraiyar Vandyadevar, gave to the images (tiru-meni) which she had set up herself, -gold which was weighed by the stone (used in) the city (kundinai-kal) and called (after) Adavallan, and jewels (ratna) which were weighed by the jewel weight (kasu-kal) called (after) Dakshna-Meru-Vitankan. Those (jewels), which could be weighed (separately), were weighed without the threads (saradu), the frames (sattam), the copper nails (seppani), the lac (arakku) and the pinju. Those jewels, the net weight of which could not[1] be ascertained, as they were united with the lac and the pinju, (were weighed) together with the lac and the pinju. (The amount of this gold and these jewels) was engraved on stone (as follows) : -

2. To (the goddess) Umaparamesvari, who is the consort of our lord Dakshina-Meru-Vitankar, (she) gave: -

3. One sacred crown (makuta), (containing) three hundred and forty-eight karanju and a half and three tenths (of a manjadi) of gold. Eight hundred and fifty-nine diamonds (vayiram), set (into it), viz., six hundred and thirty-six diamonds with smooth edges (? Mattadarai), one hundred and sixty-nine square diamonds with smooth edges (mattadarai-savakkam), thirty-[two] flat diamonds with smooth edges (mattadarai-sappadi),[2] . . . . . . . . . Including such as had spots,[3] cracks (murivu), red dots (rakta-bindu), black dots (kaka-bindu), and marks as of burning (vendana), — weighed seven karanju and three quarters, four manjadi and four tenths. Three hundred and nine large (pariya) and small (neriya) rubies (manikkam), viz., one hundred and twenty-five halahalam of superior quality (gunaviyan),[4] one hundred and twenty-twohalahalam, forty-one smooth rubies (komalam),[5] eleven bluish rubies (nilagandhi)[6] and ten unpolished rubies (talam), -including such as had cavities (kurivu), cuts,[7] holes,[8] while specks (lasuni),[9] flaws (trasa), and such as still adhered to the ore (kal), — weighed fourteen karanju and three quarters, two manjadi and eight tenths. Six hundred and sixty-nine large and small pearls, set (into it) or strung, — including round pearls (vattam), roundish pearls (anuvattam), polished pearls (oppu-muttu), small pearls (kuru-muttu), nimbolam, payittam, old pearls (para-muttu), such as had been polished while still adhering to the shell (ippi), (pearls) of red water and of brilliant water, (and pearls) with lines (varai), stains (karai), red dots[10] and while specks (subhra), — weighed thirty-six karanju, (one) manjadi and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the crown) weighed four hundred and seven karanju and nine manjadi, corresponding to a value of five thousand kasu.

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4. One ear-ring (vali), (containing) (one) karanju, eight manjadi and eight tenths of gold. Nine pearls sewn on, including round pearls, polished pearls, nimbolam, (pearls) of brilliant water; (and pearls) with lines . . . . . . . . . Weighed (one) karanju and nine tenths (of a manjadi). Altogether, (the ear-ring) weighed two karanju, nine manadi and seven tenths, corresponding to a value of fifteen kasu.

5. One ear-ring, (containing) (one) karanju, eight manjadi and eight tenths of gold. Nine pearls sewn on – including round pearls, polished pearls, nimbolam, (pearls) of brilliant water, (and pearls) with lines, stains, red dots, white specks and wrinkles (tirangal),— weighed (one) karanju and nine tenths (of a manjadi). Altogether, (the ear-ring) weighed two karanju, nine manjadi and seven tenths, corresponding to a value of fifteen kasu.

6. One uruttu, (containing) two karannju and (one) kunri of gold. Six diamond crystals (palikku-vayiram) weighed nine tenths (of a manjadi). Two smooth rubies weighed six tenths (of a manjadi). Two pearls sewn on, viz., (one) ambumudu (with) lines and (one) ambumudu (with) padan,[11] weighed nine manjadi and seven tenths. Altogether, (the uruttu) weighed two karanju and a half, (one) manjadi and seven tenths, corresponding to a value of fifteen kasu.

7. One uruttu, (containing) two karanju and (one) kunri of gold. Six diamond crystals, set (into it), weighed nine tenths (of a manjadi). Two smooth rubies weighed (one) kunri. Two pearls sewn on (of the kind called) ambumudu, which had padan and red dots, weighed nine manjadi and nine tenths. Altogether, (the uruttu) weighed two karanju and a half, (one) manjadi and eight tenths, corresponding to . . . . . . . . .

8. One sacred garland (tiru-malai), (containing) eighty-six karanju and a half, four manjadi and one twentieth of gold. Five hundred and five diamonds, set (into it), viz., eighty pure diamonds (tuyana), two hundred and ninety diamonds with smooth edges, fifty-three flat diamonds with smooth edges, four pandasaram, five flat diamonds (sappadi), fifteen square diamonds (savakkam) and fifty-eight round diamonds (urulai), — including such as had spots, cracks, red dots, black dots, and marks as of burning, — weighed two karanju and three manjadi, nine tenths and one twentieth. One hundred and ten large and small rubies, viz., twenty halahalam of superior quality, thirty halahalam six bluish rubies, thirty-three smooth rubies, twenty unpolished rubies and one sattam, — including such as had cavities, cuts, holes, white specks, flaws, and such as still adhered to the ore, — weighed five karanju, one half and one eighth. Ninety-four strung pearls, -including polished pearls, small pearlsl nimbolam, payittam, ambumudu, (pearls) of brilliant water and of red water, such as had been polished while still adhering to the shell, (and pearls with) lines, stains, red dots and white specks, — weighed nine karanju and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the garland) weighed one hundred and three karanju and a half and (one) manjadi, corresponding to a value of one thousand kasu.

9.One sacred armlet (sri-bahu-valaya), (containing) eighty-[nine] karanju and (one) manjadi, one tenth and one fortieth of gold. Four hundred and forty-one diamonds, set (into it), viz., twenty pure diamonds, four hundred and six diamonds with smooth edges, five flat diamonds with smooth edges, and ten square diamonds with smooth edges, — including such as had spots, cracks, red dots, black dots, and marks as of burning, — weighed three karanju, two manjadi and three fortieths. Fifty-four large and small rubies, viz., eight halahalam of superior quality, seventeen halahalam, nineteen smooth rubies, two bluish rubies and eight unpolished rubies, — including such as had cavities, cuts, holes, white specks, flaws, and such as still adhered to the ore, — weighed six karanju and a half, two manjadi and three tenths. Sixty-eight strung pearls, — including round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, payittam, (pearls) of brilliant water and of red water, such as had been polished while still adhering to the shell, (and pearls with) lines, stains, red dots and white specks, — weighed five karanju and three quarters, three manjadi and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the armlet) weighed one hundred and four karanju and a half and four manjadi, corresponding to a value of one thousand two hundred and fifty kasu.

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10. One sacred armlet, (containing) eighty-nine karanju, eight manjadi, four tenths and [one twentieth] of gold. Four hundred and forty-eight diamonds, set (into it), viz., twenty pure diamonds, four hundred and thirteen diamonds with smooth edges, five flat diamonds with smooth edges, and ten square diamonds with smooth edges, — including (such as had) spots, cracks, red dots, black dots, and marks as of burning, — weighed three karanju and two manjadi, three tenths and one twentieth. Fifty-three large and small rubies, viz., eight halahalam of superior quality, fifteen halahalam twenty smooth rubies, two bluish rubies and eight unpolished rubies, -including such as had cavities, cuts, holes, white specks, flaws, and such as still adhered to the ore, — weighed six karanju and a half, two manjadi and four tenths. Sixty-two strung pearls, -including round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, payittam, (pearls) of brilliant water and of red water, such as had been polished while still adhering to the shell, (and pearls with) lines, stains, red dots and white specks, — weighed five karanju and a half and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the armlet) weighed one hundred and four karanju and a half and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the armlet) weighed one hundred and four karanju and a half, three manjadi and seven tenths, corresponding to a value of one thousand two hundred and fifty kasu.

11. One sacred pearl ornament (sri-chhandu), (containing) sixty-nine karanju and three quarters, two manjadi, five tenths and one fortieth of gold. Three hundred and ninety diamonds, set (into it), viz., three hundred and fifty diamonds with smooth edges, and forty [square] diamonds with smooth edges, — including such as had spots, cracks, red dots, black dots, and marks as of burning, — weighed (one) karanju and a half, four manjadi and six tenths. Eighty large and small rubies, viz., five halahalam of superior quality, twenty halahalam, thirty smooth rubies, four bluish rubies, two sattam and nineteen unpolished rubies, — (including) such as had cavities, cuts, holes, white specks, flaws, and such as still adhered to the ore, — weighed six karanju and seven manadi, eight tenths and three fortieths. One thousand four hundred and sixty-two pearls, strung or sewn on, — including round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, payittam, nimbolam, (pearls) of brilliant water and of red water, such as had been polished while still adhering to the shell, (and pearls with) lines, stains, red dots and white specks, — weighed ninety-six karanju and a quarter. Altogether, (the pearl ornament) weighed one hundred and seventy-four karanju and a quarter, corresponding to a value of one thousand and five hundred kasu.

12. One pottu for the arm of the goddess, (containing) eighteen karanju and three quarters, three manjadi and eight tenths of gold. One smooth ruby weighed (one) manjadi and (one) kunri. One hundred and thirty-seven strung pearls, — including round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, nimbolam, payittam, (pearls) of brilliant [water] and of red water, (and pearls with) lines, stains, red dots and white specks, — weighed seven karanju and three quarters, four manjadi and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the pottu) weighed twenty-six karanju and three quarters, four manadi and eight tenths, corresponding to a value of eighty kasu.

13. One pottu for the arm of the goddess, (containing) eighteen karanju and six manjadi of gold. One smooth ruby weighed (one) manjadi and three tenths. One hundred and forty-three strung pearls, — including round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, nimbolam, payittam, (pearls) of brilliant water and of red water, (and pearls with) lines stains, red dots and white specks, — weighed eight karanju and six manjadi. Altogether, (the pottu) weighed twenty-six karanju and a half, three manjadi and three tenths, corresponding to a value of eighty kasu.

14. One bracelet (sudagam),[12] (containing) eighty karanju and four manadi, six tenths and one twentieth of gold. Six hundred and twenty diamonds, set (into it), viz., thirty pure diamonds, four hundred and three diamonds with smooth edges, seventy square diamonds with smooth edges, thirty-five flat diamonds with smooth edges, and eighty-two round diamonds, — including (such as had) spots, cracks, red dots, black dots, and marks as of burning, — weighed four karanju and seven tenths (of a manadi). Fifty-five large and small rubies, viz., ten halahalam of superior quality, twenty-four halahalam seventeen smooth rubies and four [bluish rubies], — including such as had cavities, cuts, holes, white specks, flaws, and such as still adhered to the ore, — weighed (one) karanju and a half, (one) manadi, one tenth and one twentieth. Altogether, (the bracelet) weighed eighty-five karanju and three quarters, (one) twentieth. Altogether, (the bracelet) weighed eighty-five karanju and three quarters, (one) manjadi and (one) kunri, corresponding to a value of eight hundred kasu.

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15. One bracelet, (containing) eighty-four karanju and three quarters and three manjadi of gold. Six hundred and seventy-five diamonds, set (into it), viz., thirty pure diamonds, four hundred and fifty-six diamonds with smooth edges, seventy square diamonds with smooth edges, thirty-six flat diamonds with smooth edges, and eighty-three round diamonds, — including (such as had) spots, cracks, red dots, black dots, and marks as of burning, — weighed four karanju, four manjadi and (one) kunri. Sixty large and small rubies, viz., ten halahalam of superior quality, thirty-one halahalam, sixteen smooth rubies and three bluish rubies, — including such as had cavities, cuts, holes, white specks, flaws, and such as still adhered to the ore, — weighed (one) karanju and a half, three manadi and (one) kunri. Altogether, (the bracelet) weighed ninety karanju and [three quarters] and (one) manadi, corresponding to a value of eight hundred kasu.


[1] Unnathana stands for Onnathana

[2] Compare sappattai ‘anything flat’ (Winslow)

[3] Porivu seems to be used in the sense of pori.

[4] This obscure term might be a compound of ‘a good quality,’ and viyan ‘excess, abundance.’

[5] The literal meaning of is ‘tender, soft.’

[6] According to the Rajanighantu, p. 137 of the Benares edition, nilagandhika is the name of a bluish kind of ruby.

[7] Prahara seems to be used in the sense of Prahara.

[8] Vejjam is evidently the Kanarese and Telugu bejja, which may be a tadhava of bhedya.

[9] Compare elasunam ‘a while speck or flaw in a gem’ (Winslow).

[10] The original meaning of guru is ‘small-pox, prickly heat.’

[11] Paadan is perhaps connected with Paadam ‘the artificial joining of precious stones, or chasing of gold, so as to reflect the desired colours’ (Winslow). Compare oppan for oppam p. 13, note 1.

[12] Compare the Sanskrit chuda, to which the same meaning is assigned by native lexicographers, and the Kanarese chudaya.  

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