TANJAVUR
Brihadhiswara TEMPLE
Inscriptions
INSCRIPTIONS
ON THE WALLS OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE
No.
49. On a pillar of the north
enclosure
No.
50. On a pillar of the north
enclosure.
No.
51. On two niches and two pillars of the north enclosure.
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24.
One sacred arm-ring of balls and sockets soldered on a band of gold,
weighing, â inclusive of the lac, and exclusive of the copper nails
and of the threads, â twenty-two karanju and six manjadi,
and worth twenty-seven kasu. On eleven strings (attached)
to two points were strung four hundred and fifteen pearls, viz.,
round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, sappatti
and sakkattu. On (it) were fastened thirty-two crystals
and twelve potti.
25.
One sacred arm-ring of balls and sockets soldered on a band of gold,
weighing, â inclusive of the lac, and exclusive of the copper nails
and of the threads, â twenty-two karanju and three quarters and
four manjadi, and worth twenty-nine kasu. On eleven
strings (attached) to two points were strung four hundred and
twenty-six pearls, viz., round pearls, roundish pearls, polished
pearls, small pearls, sappatti, sakkattu and crude pearls.
On (it) were fastened thirty-two crystals and twelve potti.
26.
A sacred girdle (tiruppattigai), weighing, â inclusive of the
lac, and exclusive of the threads and of the stones (silai), â
eighty karanju and three quarters, two manjadi and (one)
kuruni, and worth fifty-five kasu. On one clasp were
fastened twenty-four crystals, nine potti and fifty-six diamond
crystals. One twelve flowers (pu), (each of which consisted of)
five (pieces) joined, were fastened fifty-four crystals and six potti.
On eight small flowers (mattappu) were fastened four crystals and
four potti. On one bud (mottu) at the top of the chief
pendant (? Tanaittukkam) (which had the shape of) a
braided garland ([p]innukkovai), were fastened one
crystal, one potti, nine diamond crystals and eight bundles (savi)
of three strings (each). Into eight small pendants (siru-takkam),
â in the middle of the bundles, â (each of) which had three vidangu
at the top of an endli, were set eight potti, and (on
them) were fastened sixteen crystals. On the body (? Udal),
the points, the bundles, the pendants and the chief pendant were strung
two thousand thee hundred and forty-nine pearls, viz., round pearls,
roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, crude pearls, sakkattu
and sappatti. On the clasp were sewn nine sappatti pearls.
27.
One sacred foot-ring (tiruvadikkarai) of balls and sockets
soldered on a band of gold, weighing, â inclusive of the lac, and
exclusive of the copper nails and of the threads, â thirty-one karanju,
six manjadi and (one) kunri, and worth forty-four kasu,
On twelve strings (attached) to two points were strung four
hundred and sixty-nine peals, viz., round pearls, roundish
pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, crude pearls, sappatti and
sakkattu. On (it) were fastened forty-two crystals and
thirty potti.
28.
One sacred foot-ring of balls and sockets soldered on a band of gold,
weighing, â inclusive of the lac, and exclusive of the copper nails
and of the threads used for stringing, â thirty karanju and a
half, four manjadi and three tenths, and worth forty-two kasu.
On twelve strings (attached) to two points were strung four
hundred and eight-eight pearls, viz., round pearls, roundish
pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, crude pearls, sappatti and
sakkattu. On (it) were fastened forty-two crystals
and thirty potti.
29.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) eleven karanju and a
half of gold.
30.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) eleven karanju, seven
manjadi and (one) kunri of gold.
31.
One sacred arm-ring (consisting of) twelve karanju and a
half of gold.
32.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) twelve karanju and
three quarters and two manjadi of gld.
33.
One sacred foot-ring, (consisting of) fourteen karanju and
a quarter of gold.
34.
One sacred foot-ring, (consisting of) thirteen karanju and three
quarters and (one) manjadi of gold.
35.
One small scimitar, the hilt (?), blade (?)
And knob of which were inlaid with
gold.
36.
One plate (taligai), bearing the illustrious name of
Panchavan-mahadevi (and consisting of) four hundred and nineteen karanju,
seven manjadi and (one) kunri of silver.
37.
One cup (vattil), bearing the illustrious name of
Panchavan-mahadevi (and consisting of) seventy-one karanju,
six manjadi and four tenths of silver.
38.
To (the image of)
Umaparamesvari, the consort of this Tainjaiyaragar, â the same (queen)
gave: -
39.
One pair of pearl, sidukku, weighing, inclusive of the gold, two karanju
and (one) kunri, and worth four and seven twentieths of a kasu.
On (it) were strung eighteen pearls, viz., sappatti and
small pearls.
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40.
One pearl bracelet (sudagam), weighing, â inclusive of the lac,
and exclusive of the threads used for stringing, â twenty karanju
and a quarter and (one) kunri, and worth thirty
kasu. To two points (were attached) six karadigai,
twenty-four potti which were soldered and set into sockets, and
seventy fastened crystals. On fourteen strings were strung four hundred
and eighty-one pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls,
crude pearls, sakkattu and old pearls.
41.
One pearl bracelet, weighing, â inclusive of the lac, and exclusive of
the threads used for stringing, â twenty-one karanju and a
quarter, and worth thirty kasu. To two points (were attached) six karadigai,
twenty-four potti which were soldered and set (into)
sockets, and seventy-nine fastened crystals. On fourteen strings were
strung four hundred and eighty-five pearls, viz., round pearls,
roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, crude pearls, sakkattu
and old pearls.
42.
One sacred foot-ring, weighing, â inclusive of the lac and exclusive
of the threads, â twenty karanju and three quarters and two manjadi,
and worth twenty-five kasu. To two points (were
attached) six karadigai, twenty-two potti which were
soldered and set (into) sockets, and eighty-seven fastened
crystals. On twelve strings were strung four hundred and sixty-seven
pearls, viz., round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls,
small pearls, crude pearls, sakkattu and old pearls.
43.
One sacred foot-ring, weighing, â inclusive of the lac and exclusive
of the threads, -nineteen karanju and eight manjadi, and
worth twenty-four kasu. To two points (were attached) six karadigai,
twenty-four potti which were soldered and set (into)
sockets, and eighty-one fastened crystals. One twelve strings were
strung four hundred and sixty-eight pearls, viz., round pearls,
roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, crude pearls, sakkattu
and old pearls.
44.
A collar (karai), (consisting of) two karanju, lseven manjadi
and (one) kunri of gold, â including one spiral (tiru)
which was strung on (it).
45.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) nine karanju and a half and
(one) kunri of gold.
46.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) nine karanju and a quarter
of gold.
47.
One sacred foot-ring, (consisting of) ten karanju and a
half, two manjadi and (one) kunri of gold.
48.
One collar with a spiral (tirukkarai),
(consisting of) eleven karanju and a quarter of gold.
49.
To (the image of) Ganapati, which the same (queen) had set
up, she gave : -
50.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) ten karanju and a
half of gold.
51.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) ten karanju of gold.
52.
One sacred foot-ring, (consisting of) eleven karanju and
three quarters of gold.
53.
One sacred foot-ring, (consisting of) twelve karanju,
seven manjadi and (one) kunri of gold.
No.
52. On a pillar of the north
enclosure.
This
inscription records that, before the 29th year of his reign,
king rajarajadeva set up a copper image of Maha-Vishnu.
Translation
1.
Hail ! Prosperity! (The following) copper image, which the lord
Sri-Rajarajadeva had set up until the twenty-ninth year (of his reign)
in the temple of the lord Sri-Rajarajaesvara, was engraved on stone,
after it had been measured by the cubit measure (preserved) in
the temple of the lord : -
2.
One solid image of Maha-Vishnu, having four divine arms (and
measuring) nineteen viral and six torai in height from
the feet to the hair.
3.
One lotus on which this (image) stood, set with jewels (and
measuring) three viral in height.
4.
One pedestal, joined to it (and measuring) twelve viral
square, and five viral and two torai in height.
5.
One solid aureola, covering this (image and measuring) two muram,
twenty viral and six torai in circumference.
No.
53. On a pillar of the north
enclosure.
This
inscription records the setting-up of a copper image of Patanjalideva,
who was represented as half man and half snake, before the 29th
year of the reign of Rajarajadeva. The donor was one of the queen of the
latter, whose name is obliterated, but, with the help of the inscription
No. 51, may be restored as Panchavan-mahadevi.
Translation
1.
Hail ! Prosperity ! The following copper mage, â which had been set up
in the temple of the lord Sri-Rajarajaesvara until the twenty-ninth year
(of the kingâs reign) by [Pancha]va[n]-mahadevi, the consort of
our lord Sri-Rajarajadeva], â was engraved on stone, after it had been
measured by the cubit measure (preserved) in the temple of the
lord, and after the gold (given to it) had been weighed by the
stone called (after) Adavallan : -
2.
One solid image of Sri-Patanjalideva, (measuring) one, [three]
quarters and one eight [of a muram] in height from the tail to
the hoods (phana). It had five hoods, in the midst of these hoods
one face, one crown (makuta), two divine arms, above the navel a
human body, and below the navel three coils.
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3.
One lotus-seat (padmasana) on which this (image) rested, set with
jewels (and measuring) nine viral and a half in height,
and three, three quarters and one eight of a muram in
circumference.
4.
One solid aureola, covering this (image and measuring) four muram
in circumference.
5.
To this (image) were given: -
6.
Twenty-two sacred gold flowers, consisting of forty-four karanju
f gold, â each (consisting of) two karanju of gold.
7.
One pair of sacred (ear-rings in the shape of a) makara,
consisting of (one) karanju and three quarters and four manjadi
of gold.
8.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) four karanju and
three quarters, two manjadi and (one) kunri of
gold.
9.
One sacred arm-ring, (consisting of) five karanju of gold.
No.
54 On the base of the north
enclosure.
This
inscription opens with the same historical passage as Nos. 10 to 19, and
records that certain persons deposited a sum of money in favour of the
images of Chandrasekharadeva and of his consort before the 10th
year of the reign of Rajendra-Choladeva. The two images had been set up
by king Rajarajadeva.
1.
Hail ! Prosperity ! In the tenth year (of the reign) of
Ko-Parakesarivarman, alias Sri-Rajaendra-Choladeva, who, â in (his)
life of high prosperity, (during which he) rejoiced that, while
Fortune, having become constant, was increasing, the goddess of the
great earth, the goddess of victory in battle, and the matchless goddess
of fame had become his great queens, â conquered with (his)
exceedingly great army Idaiturai-nadu ; Vanavasi, whose warriors (were
protected by) walls of continuous forests ; Kollippakkai, whose
walls were surrounded by sulli (trees) ; Mannaikkadakkam
of unapproachable strength ; the crown of the king of Iram, who came to
close quarters in fighting ; the exceedingly beautiful crown of the
queen of the king of that (country) ; the crown of Sundara and
the pearl-necklace of Indra, which the king of the South had previously
given up to that (king of Iram) ; the whole Ira-mandalam on the
transparent sea ; the crown praised by many and the garland of the sun,
family-treasures, which the arrow-shooting (king of) Kerala
rightfully wore ; many ancient islands, whose old and great guard was
the sea, which resounds with conches ; the crown of pure gold, worthy of
Lakshmi, which Parasurama, having considered the fortifications of
Sandimattivu impregnable, had deposited (there), when raging with
anger, (he) bound the kings twenty-one times ; the seven and a
half lakshas of Iratta-padi, (which was) strong by nature,
(the conquest of which was accompanied) with immeasurable fame, (and
which he took from) Jayasimha, who, out of fear (and) full of
vengeance, turned his back at Muyangi and hid himself ; and the
principal great mountains, (which contained) the nine treasures ;
â there was engraved on stone (the name of) the village, which
had received on interest from Chandesvaradeva, â who is the first
servant of the supreme lord, who has been pleased to take up gladly his
abode in (the temple called) Sri-Rajarajesvara, â (part)
of the money, which had been deposited until the tenth year (of the
reign) of the lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva for the offerings and
other expenses required by (the image of) Chandrasekharadeva, â
which the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva had set up in the temple of lord
Sri-Rajarajesvara, (and) which the lord Sri-Rajendra-Choladeva
had attached to the Perundanattu Anaiyalgal,
â and by (the image of) his consort.
2.
The members of the assembly of Perumakkalur, a brahmadeya in
Kirar-kurram, (a subdivision) of Nittavinoda-valanadu,
have received after (the harvest of) the pasan in the
tenth year (of the reign) of the lord Sri-Rajaendra-Choladeva one
hundred and twenty kasu out of the money, which the Perundanattu
Anaiyalgal, â who were attached to (the image of)
Chandrasekharadeva, which had been set up by the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva,
and to (the image of) his consort, â had deposited for the
offerings and other expenses required by these (two images). For
(these one hundred and twenty kasu), they have to pay
every, year as long as the moon and the sun endure, fifteen kasu
into the treasury of the lord, â the rate of interest being one eighth
kasu per year for each kasu.
No.55.
On a niche of the east enclosure
This
inscription records that, before the 29th year of the
kingâs reign, an officer of Rajarajadeva, named Irayiravan Pallavayan,
alias Mummadi-Sora-Posan, set up a copper image of
Chandesvaradeva, to which he presented a
few ornaments. In an inscription of the 10th year of the
reign of Rajendra-Choladeva,
this image is referred to as having been set up by the same officer, and
his name occurs three times in the large Leyden grant.
1.
Hail ! Prosperity! The following copper image, â which had been set up
in the temple of the lord Sri-Rajarajesvara until the twenty-ninth year
(of the kingâs reign) by Irayiravan Pallavayan, alias
Mummadi-Sora-Posan, a Perundanam
of the lor Sri-Rajarajadeva, â was engraved on stone, after it had
been measured by the cubit measure (preserved) in the temple of
the lord, and after the jewels (given to it) had been weighed without
the threads by the stone called (after) Dakshina-Meru-Vitankan :
-
2.
On solid image of Chandesvaradeva, having two divine arms and (measuring)
one muram, six viral and six torai from the feet to
the hair.
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3.
One lotus on which this (image) stood, set with jewels (and
measuring) three viral and two torai in height.
4.
One pedestal, having an auspicious mark (? bhadra) in the middle
of its front side (and measuring) one [muram, four] viral
and a half in length, [ten] viral in breadth, and seven viral
in height.
5.
One solid aureola, (measuring) four muram, eight viral
and a half in circumference.
6.
One solid axe (maru),
held by this (image and measuring) thirteen viral in
length, and two viral and a half in circumference.
7.
To this (image) were given : â
8.
A girdle
(of) three strings (vadam), weighing, with the lac, eight karanju
and three quarters, (one) manjadi and (one) kunri, and worth
seven and one twentieth of a kasu. One
(these strings) were strung ninety-three pearls, â viz.,
polished pearls, small pearls, (pearls) resembling toddy in
colour, with rubbed surface and with cracked surface, and old pearls,
â six corals, six lapis lazuli, two talimbam (each of) which
consisted of three (pieces) soldered together, one eye and one
hook.
9.
One ornament consisting of a single string ([ekaval]li),
weighing, with the lac, two karanju, two manjadi and (one)
kunri, and worth one and a half kasu. On (it) were
strung............... pearls, â viz., polished pearls, small
pearls, (pearls) resembling toddy in colour, with rubbed surface
and with cracked surface, â two corals, two lapis lazuli, two talimbam,
one eye and one hook.
10.
One string, weighing (one) karanju and (one) kunri,
and worth half a kasu. On (it) were strung forty-six
pearls, â viz., polished pearls, small pearls, (pearls)
resembling toddy in colour, with rubbed surface and with cracked
surface, and old pearls, â and one coral.
No.56.
On a niche and a pillar of the
east enclosure.
This
inscription records that, before the 29th year of the
kingâs reign, the same officer of king Rajarajadeva, who is mentioned
in the inscription No. 47, set up a copper image of the sun-god,
Suradeva, and presented some ornaments to this image.
Translation
1.
Hail ! Prosperity! The following copper image, â which had been set up
in the temple of the lord Sri-Rajarajesvara until the twenty-ninth year
(of the kingâs reign) by Kovan Annamalai, alias
Keralantaka-Virupparaiyan, a Perundaram of the minor treasure (sirudanam)
of the lord Sri-Rajarajadeva, â was engraved on stone, after it
had been measured by the cubit measure (reserved) in the temple
of the lord, after the jewels (given to it) had been weighed
without the threads by the stone called (after)
Dakshina-Meru-Vitankan, and after the gold had been weighed by the stone
called (after) Adavallan : -
2.
One solid image of Suryadeva, having two divine arms (and measuring)
one muram and two viral in height from the feet to the
hair.
3.
One lotus on which this (image) stood, set with jewels (and
measuring) two viral and a half in height.
4.
One pedestal, having an auspicious mark
in the middle of the front side (and measuring) one and one
eighth of a muram in length, nine viral in breadth, and
six viral in height.
5.
One solid aureola, (measuring) three, one half and one eight of a
muram in circumference.
6.
To this (image) were given : â
7.
One garland of rays,
hanging down, weighing, with the lac,
ten karanju, nine manadi and (one) kunri,
and worth fifteen and one twentieth of a kasu. It had seventeen
marriage-badges (tali) strung on (it), two front-plates (idaikkattu),
two paligai (each of) which consisted of three (pieces)
soldered together, five eyes, four kallippu and one hook. On (it)
wee fastened thirty-three crystals, twenty-one diamond crystals,
twenty-three potti, and one hundred and seventeen pearls, viz.,
round pearls, roundish pearls, polished pearls, small pearls, sappatti
and sakkattu.
8.
One kotpu,
weighing, -inclusive of the gold (threads) on which it was
strung, â (one) karanju and (one) kunri, and
worth three kasu.
9.
One girdle (kalavam), weighing, with the lac, six karanju and
four manjadi, and worth eight kasu. On (it) were
strung ninety pearls, â viz., round pearls, polished pearls,
small pearls and nimbolam, â six corals, six lapis lazuli, two
paligai (each of) which consisted of three (pieces)
soldered together, one eye and one hook.
10.
One sacred pearl ornament (sri-chhanda), weighing, with the lac,
eighteen karanju and six manjadi, and worth fifteen kasu.
It had two clasps (mugam), eight front-plates and two chief pendants
(nayaka-tukkam), (each of) which had three vidangu at
the top of an enali.
On (it) were fastened twenty crystals, eight diamond crystals
and twelve potti ; and (on it) were strung five hundred
and eleven pearls, viz., polished pearls, small pearls, sakkattu
twin pearls and crude pearls.
11.
One pair of sacred ear-rings (tirukkambi), (consisting of one)
karanju of gold.
12.
One pair of sacred arm-ring (tirukkaikkarai), (consisting of)
three karanju and three quarters, and two manjadi of gold.
13.
One pair of sacred foot-rings (tiruvadikkarai), (consisting of)
two karanju and three quarters, and (one) kunri of gold.
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