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Increasing populations, depleting water tables due to free
electricity from states to farmers, and irregular power has
created a large unorganized market for water. With an
estimated market size of Rs.50 billion, water costs anywhere
from Rs. 3 per hour to Rs. 45 per hour. Water tankers supply
water at Rs. 200-400 for 8,000 liters. Most of those who
sell water are landlords with large holdings, politicians,
and rich farmers and the recipients are usually small
farmers, hotels, apartment complexes, and commercial buyers.
While in the case of minerals, the Constitution clearly says
that the state owns the water; it is ambiguous on who owns
water-- the state or those who find water underground and
able to pump it out. Maharashtra has already passed Water
Resources Regulatory Act 2005 that would require water
sellers to seek the state's permission. Karnataka,
Rajasthan, and Himachal Pradesh have also enacted a law with
regulatory mechanisms to control indiscriminate use of
ground water. But none of these laws or Federal policy deals
with waterways, rivers, lakes, and ponds that span state
boundaries. There are also differences in how states see
water, their laws to regulate it, and how the implement
them.
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