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Sunday, February 25, 2007


 

South Indian Inscriptions


 

XIV.- Inscriptions of Parakesarivarman Uttama-Chola

No. 134 to 137 Virattanesvara, Ujjivanathasvamin, Nagesvarasvamin temples

No. 123 to 125 Madhuvanesvara, Mahalingasvamin, Varaha-Perumal temples

No. 126 to 127 Chandrasekhara & Ghritasthanesvara temples

No. 128 Madras Museum plates of Uttama-Chola

No. 129 to 133 Nagesvarasvamin, Umambesvara, Adimulesvara temples

No. 138 to 141 Mahalingasvamin, Vatatirthanatha, Nedungalanatha temples

No. 142 Manikanthesvara temples at Tirumullaivayil

No. 143 to 147 Adhipurisvara, Apatsahayesvara, Umamahesvara temples

No. 148 to 150 Sivayoganathasvamin, Siddhanathasvamin temples

No. 151 Umamahesvarasvamin temple at Konerirajapuram

No. 151-A  On the east and north walls of the same shrine

No. 134.- ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE VIRATTANESVARA TEMPLE AT KANDIYUR[1]

This inscription which is dated in the 9th year of king Parakesarivarman Uttama-Choladeva registers provision for food-offering made by the officer Villavan Muvendavelan of Puduvur in Tirunaraiyr-nadu, to the temple of Mahadeva (Siva) of the sacred Virattana at Tirukkandiyur.  Tirukkandiyur is one of the eight Virattana temples mentioned in the Devaram.

Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 9th year of (the reign of) the glorious Uttama-Choladeva alias king Parakesarivarman, I, Mayan Kanjan alias Villavan Muvendavelan of Puduvur residing in Puduvur, (a village) of Tirunaraiyur-nadu, (gave) for burning with ghee one sacred perpetual lamp to (the temple of) Mahadeva of the sacred Virattana at Tirukkandiyur and for providing as long as the moon and the sun (endure), big (i.e., special) sacred offerings to this Mahadeva (Siva) of the sacred Virattana, in each month of the day of Sodi (Svati) which is the day of my nativity, were given seven kuruni and four nali of paddy for (i.e., to be converted into) three kuruni of rice cleaned ten or eight times; one padakku of paddy for (one) uri of sweet ghee; . . . . . . . . . and three ulakku of paddy for four nali of curds; (one) kuruni and three nali of paddy for two nali of good dhal; (one) kuruni of paddy for four palam of sugar and . . . . . . . . . . plantain fruits; four nali of paddy and . . . . . . . . . for (one) ulakku of . . . . . . . . . three nali of paddy for twelve areca-nuts and (one) kuruni of paddy for firewood.

No. 135.- ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE UJJIVANATHASVAMIN TEMPLE AT UYYAKKONDAN-TIRUMALAI[2]

Hail ! Prosperity ! The Saka year 901 (corresponding to the) Kaliyuga year 4080.  The glorious Uttama-Choladeva alias king Parakesa[rivarman] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shall be pleased to receive the big sacred offering . . . . . . . . . . . . . with twenty areca-nuts and eighty betel leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the north of the land (belonging to) Srikandan Avinasagan and (his) younger brother.  The western boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the land (belonging to) the seller.

No. 136.- ON THE NORTH-WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE KALYANASUNDARESVARA TEMPLE AT NALLUR[3]

This fragmentary inscription is dated in the 10th year of Uttama-Chola.  Thirunallur  is identical with Nallur, a village 5 miles south of Mumbhakonam.  Manakkurai Viranaraynanar was evidently an officer of the king deputed to check the accounts of the temple of Tirunallur.

Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 10th year of (the reign of) the glorious Uttama-Chola and during the inspection of the temple management (srikaryam) by Manakkurai Viranarayananar under the orde of the king (the following lands) were given to Mahadeva (Siva) (of the temple) at Tirunallur, after due scrutiny of the temple business.

No. 137.- ON THE WEST WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE NAGESVARASVAMIN TEMPLE AT KUMBAKONAM[4]

The importance of the subjoined inscription consists in the astronomical details of date it supplies and the name Viranarayaniyar which it gives as that of the queen of king Uttama-Chola.  The record apparently registers a grant of land to the temple of Tirukkil-kottam (the present Nagesvara) at Tirukkudamukkil (i.e., Kumbhakonam).

The astronomical details of the date have been verified by Diwan Bahadur L. D. Swamikkannu Pillai and found correct for the 13th year of the reign of Parakesarivarman Uttama-Chola.  The given date corresponds to Friday 9th June A.D. 982.[5]

Hail ! Prosperity ! In the [13]th year of (the reign of) king Parakesarivarman on the day of Mula, on a Friday in the second[6] (or dari) fortnight and the 18th (day) of the month of Ani of this year, in the said year, month, day and fortnight, the great men of the chief assembly (mulaparudai) of this village . . . . . . . . . . . . in the devadana [of Tirukkudamukkil] in Pambur-nadu . . . . . . . . . . . . Viranarayaniyar daughter of . . . . . . . . . . . . and queen of the glorious (king) Uttama-Chola . . . . . . . . . for garlands to the god (of the temple) of Tirukkil-kottam . . . . . . . . . . sold the following . . . . . . . . . . . . The great men of the chief assembly of this village . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .  (one) ulakku . . . . . . . . . . . . . per day . . . . . . . . . . . kasu.  (The following are) the boundaries of . . . . . . . . . sold and given : - the eastern boundary (is) . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .of the land belonging to Kaviniyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purambiyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . the western boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . east . . . . . . . . . . the land which was the stridhana of Pattan Parpanabhan Govindan . . . . . . . . to the land of Kesavan and (his) younger brother . . . . . . . . situated within (these) boundaries . . . . . . . . ..  including excess and deficiency (in measurement) and without excluding the land within (unnilam) . . . . . . . . having executed the deed . . . . . . . . . . . the sale amount . . . . . . . . . . . . .kasu . . . .. . . . . . .


[1]  No. 13 of 1895.

[2]  No. 456 of 1908.

[3]  No. 41 of 1911.

[4]  No. 240 of 1911.

[5]  See Madras Epigraphical Report  for 1912, page 65, paragraph 20.

[6]  Pin as distinguished from mun (of a month) has been taken to mean ‘the second fortnight.’

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